UniProt ID | CDK2_HUMAN | |
---|---|---|
UniProt AC | P24941 | |
Protein Name | Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 | |
Gene Name | CDK2 | |
Organism | Homo sapiens (Human). | |
Sequence Length | 298 | |
Subcellular Localization | Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome. Nucleus, Cajal body. Cytoplasm. Endosome. Localized at the centrosomes in late G2 phase after separation of the centrosomes but before the start of prophase. Nuclear-cytoplasmic traf | |
Protein Description | Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the cell cycle; essential for meiosis, but dispensable for mitosis. Phosphorylates CTNNB1, USP37, p53/TP53, NPM1, CDK7, RB1, BRCA2, MYC, NPAT, EZH2. Triggers duplication of centrosomes and DNA. Acts at the G1-S transition to promote the E2F transcriptional program and the initiation of DNA synthesis, and modulates G2 progression; controls the timing of entry into mitosis/meiosis by controlling the subsequent activation of cyclin B/CDK1 by phosphorylation, and coordinates the activation of cyclin B/CDK1 at the centrosome and in the nucleus. Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Activity of CDK2 is maximal during S phase and G2; activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. EZH2 phosphorylation promotes H3K27me3 maintenance and epigenetic gene silencing. Phosphorylates CABLES1 (By similarity). Cyclin E/CDK2 prevents oxidative stress-mediated Ras-induced senescence by phosphorylating MYC. Involved in G1-S phase DNA damage checkpoint that prevents cells with damaged DNA from initiating mitosis; regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. In response to DNA damage, double-strand break repair by homologous recombination a reduction of CDK2-mediated BRCA2 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of RB1 disturbs its interaction with E2F1. NPM1 phosphorylation by cyclin E/CDK2 promotes its dissociates from unduplicated centrosomes, thus initiating centrosome duplication. Cyclin E/CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPAT at G1-S transition and until prophase stimulates the NPAT-mediated activation of histone gene transcription during S phase. Required for vitamin D-mediated growth inhibition by being itself inactivated. Involved in the nitric oxide- (NO) mediated signaling in a nitrosylation/activation-dependent manner. USP37 is activated by phosphorylation and thus triggers G1-S transition. CTNNB1 phosphorylation regulates insulin internalization. Phosphorylates FOXP3 and negatively regulates its transcriptional activity and protein stability (By similarity). Phosphorylates CDK2AP2. [PubMed: 12944431] | |
Protein Sequence | MENFQKVEKIGEGTYGVVYKARNKLTGEVVALKKIRLDTETEGVPSTAIREISLLKELNHPNIVKLLDVIHTENKLYLVFEFLHQDLKKFMDASALTGIPLPLIKSYLFQLLQGLAFCHSHRVLHRDLKPQNLLINTEGAIKLADFGLARAFGVPVRTYTHEVVTLWYRAPEILLGCKYYSTAVDIWSLGCIFAEMVTRRALFPGDSEIDQLFRIFRTLGTPDEVVWPGVTSMPDYKPSFPKWARQDFSKVVPPLDEDGRSLLSQMLHYDPNKRISAKAALAHPFFQDVTKPVPHLRL | |
Overview of Protein Modification Sites with Functional and Structural Information | ||
* ASA = Accessible Surface Area
Locations | Modification | Substrate Peptides & Secondary Structure |
ASA (%) | Reference | Orthologous Protein Cluster |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Acetylation | -------MENFQKVE -------CCCCCEEE | 9.54 | 22814378 | |
6 | Acetylation | --MENFQKVEKIGEG --CCCCCEEEECCCC | 48.50 | 19608861 | |
6 | Ubiquitination | --MENFQKVEKIGEG --CCCCCEEEECCCC | 48.50 | 19608861 | |
6 | Sumoylation | --MENFQKVEKIGEG --CCCCCEEEECCCC | 48.50 | 19608861 | |
9 | Ubiquitination | ENFQKVEKIGEGTYG CCCCEEEECCCCCCE | 60.02 | 21890473 | |
9 | Acetylation | ENFQKVEKIGEGTYG CCCCEEEECCCCCCE | 60.02 | 25953088 | |
9 | Ubiquitination | ENFQKVEKIGEGTYG CCCCEEEECCCCCCE | 60.02 | 21890473 | |
14 | Phosphorylation | VEKIGEGTYGVVYKA EEECCCCCCEEEEEE | 16.89 | 19664994 | |
14 | Dephosphorylation | VEKIGEGTYGVVYKA EEECCCCCCEEEEEE | 16.89 | 12388094 | |
15 | Dephosphorylation | EKIGEGTYGVVYKAR EECCCCCCEEEEEEE | 20.84 | 12388094 | |
15 | Phosphorylation | EKIGEGTYGVVYKAR EECCCCCCEEEEEEE | 20.84 | 19664994 | |
19 | Phosphorylation | EGTYGVVYKARNKLT CCCCEEEEEEECCCC | 9.12 | 22167270 | |
20 | Ubiquitination | GTYGVVYKARNKLTG CCCEEEEEEECCCCC | 29.29 | 21890473 | |
20 | Acetylation | GTYGVVYKARNKLTG CCCEEEEEEECCCCC | 29.29 | 25953088 | |
24 | Ubiquitination | VVYKARNKLTGEVVA EEEEEECCCCCEEEE | 41.70 | 21890473 | |
24 | Acetylation | VVYKARNKLTGEVVA EEEEEECCCCCEEEE | 41.70 | 25953088 | |
33 | Ubiquitination | TGEVVALKKIRLDTE CCEEEEEEEEECCCC | 36.10 | 21890473 | |
33 | Sumoylation | TGEVVALKKIRLDTE CCEEEEEEEEECCCC | 36.10 | - | |
33 | Sumoylation | TGEVVALKKIRLDTE CCEEEEEEEEECCCC | 36.10 | - | |
33 | Acetylation | TGEVVALKKIRLDTE CCEEEEEEEEECCCC | 36.10 | 25953088 | |
39 | Phosphorylation | LKKIRLDTETEGVPS EEEEECCCCCCCCCH | 49.77 | 18354084 | |
41 | Phosphorylation | KIRLDTETEGVPSTA EEECCCCCCCCCHHH | 39.88 | 23403867 | |
46 | Phosphorylation | TETEGVPSTAIREIS CCCCCCCHHHHHHHH | 28.23 | 21082442 | |
47 | Phosphorylation | ETEGVPSTAIREISL CCCCCCHHHHHHHHH | 21.75 | 23403867 | |
53 | Phosphorylation | STAIREISLLKELNH HHHHHHHHHHHHCCC | 23.93 | 24719451 | |
56 | Ubiquitination | IREISLLKELNHPNI HHHHHHHHHCCCCCH | 66.50 | 21890473 | |
56 | Ubiquitination | IREISLLKELNHPNI HHHHHHHHHCCCCCH | 66.50 | 21890473 | |
65 | Ubiquitination | LNHPNIVKLLDVIHT CCCCCHHHHHHHHHC | 39.26 | - | |
129 | Ubiquitination | RVLHRDLKPQNLLIN CHHCCCCCCCCEEEC | 49.17 | 21890473 | |
129 | Ubiquitination | RVLHRDLKPQNLLIN CHHCCCCCCCCEEEC | 49.17 | 21890473 | |
137 | Phosphorylation | PQNLLINTEGAIKLA CCCEEECCCCCHHHH | 28.89 | - | |
142 | Ubiquitination | INTEGAIKLADFGLA ECCCCCHHHHHHHHH | 36.77 | 21890473 | |
158 | Phosphorylation | AFGVPVRTYTHEVVT HHCCCEEEECCEEEE | 32.76 | 22167270 | |
159 | Phosphorylation | FGVPVRTYTHEVVTL HCCCEEEECCEEEEH | 8.78 | 27273156 | |
160 (in isoform 2) | Phosphorylation | - | 15.79 | 11532001 | |
160 | Dephosphorylation | GVPVRTYTHEVVTLW CCCEEEECCEEEEHH | 15.79 | 10934208 | |
160 | Phosphorylation | GVPVRTYTHEVVTLW CCCEEEECCEEEEHH | 15.79 | 22167270 | |
165 | Phosphorylation | TYTHEVVTLWYRAPE EECCEEEEHHHCCHH | 19.42 | 18396144 | |
168 | Phosphorylation | HEVVTLWYRAPEILL CEEEEHHHCCHHHHH | 10.46 | 18396144 | |
179 | Phosphorylation | EILLGCKYYSTAVDI HHHHCCCCCCHHHHH | 13.51 | 22817900 | |
207 | Phosphorylation | RALFPGDSEIDQLFR HHCCCCCHHHHHHHH | 42.22 | 21082442 | |
221 | Phosphorylation | RIFRTLGTPDEVVWP HHHHHHCCCCCCCCC | 30.58 | 26853621 | |
237 | Ubiquitination | VTSMPDYKPSFPKWA CCCCCCCCCCCCHHH | 41.38 | 21890473 | |
250 | Ubiquitination | WARQDFSKVVPPLDE HHCCCHHHCCCCCCC | 47.44 | 21890473 | |
257 | Ubiquitination | KVVPPLDEDGRSLLS HCCCCCCCCHHHHHH | 70.78 | 21890473 | |
261 | Phosphorylation | PLDEDGRSLLSQMLH CCCCCHHHHHHHHHC | 38.91 | 20873877 | |
264 | Phosphorylation | EDGRSLLSQMLHYDP CCHHHHHHHHHCCCC | 20.88 | 20873877 | |
269 | Phosphorylation | LLSQMLHYDPNKRIS HHHHHHCCCCCCCCC | 29.18 | 20873877 | |
273 | Ubiquitination | MLHYDPNKRISAKAA HHCCCCCCCCCHHHH | 57.40 | 21890473 | |
278 | Acetylation | PNKRISAKAALAHPF CCCCCCHHHHHHCHH | 27.66 | 25953088 | |
278 | Ubiquitination | PNKRISAKAALAHPF CCCCCCHHHHHHCHH | 27.66 | 21890473 | |
291 | Acetylation | PFFQDVTKPVPHLRL HHHCCCCCCCCCCCC | 43.81 | 26051181 | |
291 | Ubiquitination | PFFQDVTKPVPHLRL HHHCCCCCCCCCCCC | 43.81 | 21890473 | |
297 | Methylation | TKPVPHLRL------ CCCCCCCCC------ | 35.00 | - |
Modified Location | Modified Residue | Modification | Type of Upstream Proteins | Gene Name of Upstream Proteins | UniProt AC of Upstream Proteins | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
14 | T | Phosphorylation | Kinase | WEE1 | P30291 | PSP |
15 | Y | Phosphorylation | Kinase | WEE1 | P30291 | Uniprot |
39 | T | Phosphorylation | Kinase | AKT1 | P31749 | PSP |
39 | T | Phosphorylation | Kinase | AKT-FAMILY | - | GPS |
46 | S | Phosphorylation | Kinase | CDK7 | P50613 | PSP |
160 | T | Phosphorylation | Kinase | CDK2 | P24941 | PSP |
160 | T | Phosphorylation | Kinase | CDK20 | Q8IZL9 | PSP |
160 | T | Phosphorylation | Kinase | CDK7 | P50613 | PSP |
160 | T | Phosphorylation | Kinase | MAPK1 | P28482 | GPS |
160 | T | Phosphorylation | Kinase | MAPK3 | P27361 | GPS |
165 | T | Phosphorylation | Kinase | CDK7 | P50613 | PSP |
168 | Y | Phosphorylation | Kinase | CDK7 | P50613 | PSP |
- | K | Ubiquitination | E3 ubiquitin ligase | KLHL6 | Q8WZ60 | PMID:29720484 |
* Distance = the distance between SAP position and PTM sites.
Modified Location | Modification | Variant Position (Distance <= 10) |
Residue Change | SAP | Related Disease | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oops, there are no SNP-PTM records of CDK2_HUMAN !! |
Kegg Disease | |
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There are no disease associations of PTM sites. | |
OMIM Disease | |
There are no disease associations of PTM sites. | |
Kegg Drug | |
There are no disease associations of PTM sites. | |
DrugBank | |
DB06616 | Bosutinib |
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Acetylation | |
Reference | PubMed |
"Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates majorcellular functions."; Choudhary C., Kumar C., Gnad F., Nielsen M.L., Rehman M., Walther T.,Olsen J.V., Mann M.; Science 325:834-840(2009). Cited for: ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT MET-1 AND LYS-6, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY. | |
Phosphorylation | |
Reference | PubMed |
"Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome."; Oppermann F.S., Gnad F., Olsen J.V., Hornberger R., Greff Z., Keri G.,Mann M., Daub H.; Mol. Cell. Proteomics 8:1751-1764(2009). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-14; TYR-15; TYR-19;SER-46; THR-158 AND TYR-159, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY. | |
"Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics ofthe kinome across the cell cycle."; Daub H., Olsen J.V., Bairlein M., Gnad F., Oppermann F.S., Korner R.,Greff Z., Keri G., Stemmann O., Mann M.; Mol. Cell 31:438-448(2008). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-15 AND SER-46, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY. | |
"Briefly bound to activate: transient binding of a second catalyticmagnesium activates the structure and dynamics of CDK2 kinase forcatalysis."; Bao Z.Q., Jacobsen D.M., Young M.A.; Structure 19:675-690(2011). Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.91 ANGSTROMS) OF 1-296 IN COMPLEX WITH ATPAND MAGNESIUM, AND PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-160. | |
"How tyrosine 15 phosphorylation inhibits the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 2-cyclin A."; Welburn J.P.I., Tucker J.A., Johnson T., Lindert L., Morgan M.,Willis A., Noble M.E.M., Endicott J.A.; J. Biol. Chem. 282:3173-3181(2007). Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.30 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEX WITH ATP, ANDPHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-14; TYR-15 AND THR-160. | |
"Discovery of a potent CDK2 inhibitor with a novel binding mode, usingvirtual screening and initial, structure-guided lead scoping."; Richardson C.M., Nunns C.L., Williamson D.S., Parratt M.J.,Dokurno P., Howes R., Borgognoni J., Drysdale M.J., Finch H.,Hubbard R.E., Jackson P.S., Kierstan P., Lentzen G., Moore J.D.,Murray J.B., Simmonite H., Surgenor A.E., Torrance C.J.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 17:3880-3885(2007). Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.20 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEX WITH INHIBITORS, ANDPHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-160. | |
"Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as novel CDK2 inhibitors: proteinstructure-guided design and SAR."; Richardson C.M., Williamson D.S., Parratt M.J., Borgognoni J.,Cansfield A.D., Dokurno P., Francis G.L., Howes R., Moore J.D.,Murray J.B., Robertson A., Surgenor A.E., Torrance C.J.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 16:1353-1357(2006). Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.80 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEX WITH INHIBITORS, ANDPHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-160. | |
"Cdc25 phosphatases are required for timely assembly of CDK1-cyclin Bat the G2/M transition."; Timofeev O., Cizmecioglu O., Settele F., Kempf T., Hoffmann I.; J. Biol. Chem. 285:16978-16990(2010). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-160 BY CAK, AND DEPHOSPHORYLATION BY CDC25A. | |
"Nuclear targeting of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 reveals essentialroles of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 localization and cyclin E invitamin D-mediated growth inhibition."; Flores O., Wang Z., Knudsen K.E., Burnstein K.L.; Endocrinology 151:896-908(2010). Cited for: FUNCTION IN VITAMIN D-MEDIATED GROWTH INHIBITION, SUBCELLULARLOCATION, ENZYME REGULATION, AND PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-160. | |
"Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signalingreveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions."; Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K.,Rodionov V., Han D.K.; Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-15 AND THR-160, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY. | |
"Proteomics analysis of protein kinases by target class-selectiveprefractionation and tandem mass spectrometry."; Wissing J., Jaensch L., Nimtz M., Dieterich G., Hornberger R.,Keri G., Wehland J., Daub H.; Mol. Cell. Proteomics 6:537-547(2007). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-14; TYR-15; TYR-19 ANDTHR-160, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY. | |
"Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins."; Beausoleil S.A., Jedrychowski M., Schwartz D., Elias J.E., Villen J.,Li J., Cohn M.A., Cantley L.C., Gygi S.P.; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101:12130-12135(2004). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-14, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY. | |
"p42, a novel cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase in mammaliancells."; Liu Y., Wu C., Galaktionov K.; J. Biol. Chem. 279:4507-4514(2004). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-160. | |
"Cell cycle regulation of CDK2 activity by phosphorylation of Thr160and Tyr15."; Gu Y., Rosenblatt J., O'Morgan D.O.; EMBO J. 11:3995-4005(1992). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-14; TYR-15 AND THR-160, AND MUTAGENESIS OFTHR-14; TYR-15 AND THR-160. | |
"An extensive survey of tyrosine phosphorylation revealing new sitesin human mammary epithelial cells."; Heibeck T.H., Ding S.-J., Opresko L.K., Zhao R., Schepmoes A.A.,Yang F., Tolmachev A.V., Monroe M.E., Camp D.G. II, Smith R.D.,Wiley H.S., Qian W.-J.; J. Proteome Res. 8:3852-3861(2009). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-15, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY. | |
"Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenickinases in lung cancer."; Rikova K., Guo A., Zeng Q., Possemato A., Yu J., Haack H., Nardone J.,Lee K., Reeves C., Li Y., Hu Y., Tan Z., Stokes M., Sullivan L.,Mitchell J., Wetzel R., Macneill J., Ren J.M., Yuan J.,Bakalarski C.E., Villen J., Kornhauser J.M., Smith B., Li D., Zhou X.,Gygi S.P., Gu T.-L., Polakiewicz R.D., Rush J., Comb M.J.; Cell 131:1190-1203(2007). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-15 AND TYR-19, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY. |