HMGA1_HUMAN - dbPTM
HMGA1_HUMAN - PTM Information in dbPTM
Basic Information of Protein
UniProt ID HMGA1_HUMAN
UniProt AC P17096
Protein Name High mobility group protein HMG-I/HMG-Y
Gene Name HMGA1
Organism Homo sapiens (Human).
Sequence Length 107
Subcellular Localization Nucleus. Chromosome.
Protein Description HMG-I/Y bind preferentially to the minor groove of A+T rich regions in double-stranded DNA. It is suggested that these proteins could function in nucleosome phasing and in the 3'-end processing of mRNA transcripts. They are also involved in the transcription regulation of genes containing, or in close proximity to A+T-rich regions..
Protein Sequence MSESSSKSSQPLASKQEKDGTEKRGRGRPRKQPPVSPGTALVGSQKEPSEVPTPKRPRGRPKGSKNKGAAKTRKTTTTPGRKPRGRPKKLEKEEEEGISQESSEEEQ
Overview of Protein Modification Sites with Functional and Structural Information
Experimental Post-Translational Modification Sites

* ASA = Accessible Surface Area

Locations Modification Substrate Peptides
&
Secondary Structure
ASA (%) Reference Orthologous
Protein Cluster
2Phosphorylation------MSESSSKSS
------CCCCCCCCC
46.3023401153
2Acetylation------MSESSSKSS
------CCCCCCCCC
46.30-
4Phosphorylation----MSESSSKSSQP
----CCCCCCCCCCC
32.3823401153
5Phosphorylation---MSESSSKSSQPL
---CCCCCCCCCCCC
37.4223401153
6Phosphorylation--MSESSSKSSQPLA
--CCCCCCCCCCCCC
45.9223401153
7Methylation-MSESSSKSSQPLAS
-CCCCCCCCCCCCCC
56.9519608861
7Acetylation-MSESSSKSSQPLAS
-CCCCCCCCCCCCCC
56.9523749302
7Ubiquitination-MSESSSKSSQPLAS
-CCCCCCCCCCCCCC
56.9519608861
8PhosphorylationMSESSSKSSQPLASK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCH
35.8323401153
8ADP-ribosylationMSESSSKSSQPLASK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCH
35.8328190768
9ADP-ribosylationSESSSKSSQPLASKQ
CCCCCCCCCCCCCHH
39.2828190768
9PhosphorylationSESSSKSSQPLASKQ
CCCCCCCCCCCCCHH
39.2822167270
14PhosphorylationKSSQPLASKQEKDGT
CCCCCCCCHHCCCCC
42.4222167270
15AcetylationSSQPLASKQEKDGTE
CCCCCCCHHCCCCCC
57.7919608861
15SumoylationSSQPLASKQEKDGTE
CCCCCCCHHCCCCCC
57.7928112733
15 (in isoform 1)Ubiquitination-57.7921906983
15 (in isoform 2)Ubiquitination-57.7921906983
15 (in isoform 3)Ubiquitination-57.7921906983
15MethylationSSQPLASKQEKDGTE
CCCCCCCHHCCCCCC
57.7919608861
15 (in isoform 2)Acetylation-57.79-
15UbiquitinationSSQPLASKQEKDGTE
CCCCCCCHHCCCCCC
57.7919608861
18AcetylationPLASKQEKDGTEKRG
CCCCHHCCCCCCCCC
59.9925953088
21PhosphorylationSKQEKDGTEKRGRGR
CHHCCCCCCCCCCCC
48.7626074081
23AcetylationQEKDGTEKRGRGRPR
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
61.0511793957
23MethylationQEKDGTEKRGRGRPR
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
61.05-
24MethylationEKDGTEKRGRGRPRK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
33.5314987631
26MethylationDGTEKRGRGRPRKQP
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
41.8212653562
26Asymmetric dimethylarginineDGTEKRGRGRPRKQP
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
41.82-
31AcetylationRGRGRPRKQPPVSPG
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
70.6021466224
31MalonylationRGRGRPRKQPPVSPG
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
70.6026320211
31 (in isoform 1)Ubiquitination-70.6021906983
31 (in isoform 3)Ubiquitination-70.6021906983
31UbiquitinationRGRGRPRKQPPVSPG
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
70.60-
31MethylationRGRGRPRKQPPVSPG
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
70.6018513496
36PhosphorylationPRKQPPVSPGTALVG
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
24.3229255136
38 (in isoform 2)Phosphorylation-19.0023927012
39PhosphorylationQPPVSPGTALVGSQK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
21.8722167270
42 (in isoform 2)Phosphorylation-6.8622167270
44PhosphorylationPGTALVGSQKEPSEV
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
30.5129255136
46 (in isoform 1)Ubiquitination-73.6021906983
46 (in isoform 3)Ubiquitination-73.6021906983
46"N6,N6-dimethyllysine"TALVGSQKEPSEVPT
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
73.60-
46AcetylationTALVGSQKEPSEVPT
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
73.6025953088
46MethylationTALVGSQKEPSEVPT
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
73.6015591590
46UbiquitinationTALVGSQKEPSEVPT
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
73.602190698
47MethylationALVGSQKEPSEVPTP
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
46.5516293633
49PhosphorylationVGSQKEPSEVPTPKR
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
52.9322167270
49MethylationVGSQKEPSEVPTPKR
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
52.9316293633
53PhosphorylationKEPSEVPTPKRPRGR
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
46.7729255136
53 (in isoform 3)Phosphorylation-46.7729743597
54MethylationEPSEVPTPKRPRGRP
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
25.2911498590
54AcetylationEPSEVPTPKRPRGRP
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
25.2911498590
54 (in isoform 2)Acetylation-25.29-
55AcetylationPSEVPTPKRPRGRPK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
77.0014987645
55UbiquitinationPSEVPTPKRPRGRPK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
77.00-
55MethylationPSEVPTPKRPRGRPK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
77.0018513496
56 (in isoform 2)Acetylation-27.61-
58Asymmetric dimethylarginineVPTPKRPRGRPKGSK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
58.76-
58MethylationVPTPKRPRGRPKGSK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
58.7616159886
60Asymmetric dimethylarginineTPKRPRGRPKGSKNK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
30.91-
60 (in isoform 2)Acetylation-30.91-
60MethylationTPKRPRGRPKGSKNK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
30.9116159886
60AcetylationTPKRPRGRPKGSKNK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
30.9111498590
62MethylationKRPRGRPKGSKNKGA
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
74.57-
62AcetylationKRPRGRPKGSKNKGA
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
74.5714987711
63 (in isoform 2)Acetylation-46.68-
64PhosphorylationPRGRPKGSKNKGAAK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
38.9019317492
65SumoylationRGRPKGSKNKGAAKT
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
71.9311498590
65AcetylationRGRPKGSKNKGAAKT
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
71.9317627840
65MethylationRGRPKGSKNKGAAKT
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
71.9311498590
67"N6,N6-dimethyllysine"RPKGSKNKGAAKTRK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
54.38-
67AcetylationRPKGSKNKGAAKTRK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
54.3817627840
67MethylationRPKGSKNKGAAKTRK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
54.3815591590
67 (in isoform 2)Phosphorylation-54.3817960875
71MethylationSKNKGAAKTRKTTTT
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
48.6111498590
71AcetylationSKNKGAAKTRKTTTT
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
48.6117627840
72PhosphorylationKNKGAAKTRKTTTTP
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
32.4419317492
73MethylationNKGAAKTRKTTTTPG
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
33.3514992439
74MethylationKGAAKTRKTTTTPGR
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
56.2915591590
74AcetylationKGAAKTRKTTTTPGR
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
56.2917627840
75PhosphorylationGAAKTRKTTTTPGRK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
26.5326657352
76PhosphorylationAAKTRKTTTTPGRKP
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
31.5426657352
77PhosphorylationAKTRKTTTTPGRKPR
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
35.9026657352
78PhosphorylationKTRKTTTTPGRKPRG
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
22.9627273156
81DimethylationKTTTTPGRKPRGRPK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
47.19-
81MethylationKTTTTPGRKPRGRPK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
47.1914987731
82AcetylationTTTTPGRKPRGRPKK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
45.0114987723
84DimethylationTTPGRKPRGRPKKLE
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCH
57.71-
84MethylationTTPGRKPRGRPKKLE
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCH
57.7114987729
86DimethylationPGRKPRGRPKKLEKE
CCCCCCCCCCCCHHH
40.94-
86MethylationPGRKPRGRPKKLEKE
CCCCCCCCCCCCHHH
40.9414987745
88AcetylationRKPRGRPKKLEKEEE
CCCCCCCCCCHHHHH
69.5014987741
92MethylationGRPKKLEKEEEEGIS
CCCCCCHHHHHCCCC
79.4615591590
99PhosphorylationKEEEEGISQESSEEE
HHHHCCCCCCCHHHC
38.4629255136
102PhosphorylationEEGISQESSEEEQ--
HCCCCCCCHHHCC--
35.1029255136
103PhosphorylationEGISQESSEEEQ---
CCCCCCCHHHCC---
48.5529255136

Upstream regulatory proteins (kinases for phosphorylation sites, E3 ubiquitin ligases of ubiquitination sites, ...)
Modified Location Modified Residue Modification Type of Upstream Proteins Gene Name of Upstream Proteins UniProt AC of Upstream Proteins Sources
36SPhosphorylationKinaseCDK1P06493
PSP
36SPhosphorylationKinaseCDK2P24941
PSP
36SPhosphorylationKinaseHIPK2Q9H2X6
Uniprot
42TPhosphorylationKinaseCDK1P06493
PSP
42TPhosphorylationKinaseHIPK2Q9H2X6
PSP
53TPhosphorylationKinaseCDK1P06493
PSP
53TPhosphorylationKinaseHIPK2Q9H2X6
Uniprot
67TPhosphorylationKinaseCDK1P06493
GPS
67TPhosphorylationKinaseHIPK2Q9H2X6
PSP
78TPhosphorylationKinaseHIPK2Q9H2X6
Uniprot
78TPhosphorylationKinaseCDK1P06493
PSP
99SPhosphorylationKinaseCK2-FAMILY-GPS
99SPhosphorylationKinaseCK2_GROUP-PhosphoELM
102SPhosphorylationKinaseCSNK2A1P19139
GPS
102SPhosphorylationKinaseCK2-FAMILY-GPS
102SPhosphorylationKinaseCK-Uniprot
102SPhosphorylationKinaseCK2_GROUP-PhosphoELM
103SPhosphorylationKinaseCSNK2A1P19139
GPS
103SPhosphorylationKinaseCK2-FAMILY-GPS
103SPhosphorylationKinaseCK-Uniprot
103SPhosphorylationKinaseCK2_GROUP-PhosphoELM

Functions of PTM Sites
Modified Location Modified Residue Modification Function Reference
36SPhosphorylation

17081983
42TPhosphorylation

17924679
53TPhosphorylation

17924679
58RMethylation

16159886
60RMethylation

16159886
67TPhosphorylation

17960875
78TPhosphorylation

17960875

Disease-associated PTM Sites based on SAP

* Distance = the distance between SAP position and PTM sites.

Modified Location Modification Variant Position
(Distance <= 10)
Residue Change SAP Related Disease Reference

Oops, there are no SNP-PTM records of HMGA1_HUMAN !!

Protein-Protein Interaction
Interacting Protein Gene Name Interaction Type PPI Reference Domain-Domain Interactions
SP1_HUMANSP1physical
12665574
CEBPB_HUMANCEBPBphysical
12665574
ELF1_HUMANELF1physical
7862168
ATF2_HUMANATF2physical
10357819
JUN_HUMANJUNphysical
10357819
IRF1_HUMANIRF1physical
10357819
CHD1_HUMANCHD1physical
18817785
ANM6_HUMANPRMT6physical
16293633
NPM_HUMANNPM1physical
16293633
PARP1_HUMANPARP1physical
16204234
PO2F1_HUMANPOU2F1physical
9823775
PO2F2_HUMANPOU2F2physical
9823775
NFKB1_HUMANNFKB1physical
9809067
P53_HUMANTP53physical
20335021
SP1_HUMANSP1physical
20335021
ORC6_HUMANORC6physical
18234858
ORC2_HUMANORC2physical
18234858
ORF73_HHV8PHHV8GK18_gp81physical
22379092
CBX7_HUMANCBX7physical
22214847
HDAC2_HUMANHDAC2physical
22214847
TERF2_HUMANTERF2physical
22939629
PTBP1_HUMANPTBP1physical
18850631
APEX1_HUMANAPEX1physical
18850631
HNRPQ_HUMANSYNCRIPphysical
18850631
XRCC6_HUMANXRCC6physical
18850631
PSIP1_HUMANPSIP1physical
18850631
PA2G4_HUMANPA2G4physical
18850631
PCBP2_HUMANPCBP2physical
18850631
HD_HUMANHTTphysical
23275563
PPARG_HUMANPPARGphysical
22207709

Drug and Disease Associations
Kegg Disease
There are no disease associations of PTM sites.
OMIM Disease
There are no disease associations of PTM sites.
Kegg Drug
There are no disease associations of PTM sites.
DrugBank
There are no disease associations of PTM sites.
Regulatory Network of HMGA1_HUMAN

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Related Literatures of Post-Translational Modification
Acetylation
ReferencePubMed
"Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates majorcellular functions.";
Choudhary C., Kumar C., Gnad F., Nielsen M.L., Rehman M., Walther T.,Olsen J.V., Mann M.;
Science 325:834-840(2009).
Cited for: ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-15, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Methylation
ReferencePubMed
"Dynamics of human protein arginine methyltransferase 1(PRMT1) invivo.";
Herrmann F., Lee J., Bedford M.T., Fackelmayer F.O.;
J. Biol. Chem. 280:38005-38010(2005).
Cited for: METHYLATION AT ARG-58 AND ARG-60 BY PRMT6, AND MUTAGENESIS OF ARG-26;ARG-58 AND ARG-60.
"Tandem mass spectrometry for the examination of the posttranslationalmodifications of high-mobility group A1 proteins: symmetric andasymmetric dimethylation of Arg25 in HMGA1a protein.";
Zou Y., Wang Y.;
Biochemistry 44:6293-6301(2005).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-99; SER-102 AND SER-103, METHYLATION AT ARG-26,AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
"During apoptosis of tumor cells HMGA1a protein undergoes methylation:identification of the modification site by mass spectrometry.";
Sgarra R., Diana F., Bellarosa C., Dekleva V., Rustighi A., Toller M.,Manfioletti G., Giancotti V.;
Biochemistry 42:3575-3585(2003).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION, METHYLATION AT ARG-26, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Phosphorylation
ReferencePubMed
"Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signalingreveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.";
Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K.,Rodionov V., Han D.K.;
Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-99; SER-102 AND SER-103,AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
"Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome.";
Oppermann F.S., Gnad F., Olsen J.V., Hornberger R., Greff Z., Keri G.,Mann M., Daub H.;
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 8:1751-1764(2009).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-102 AND SER-103, ANDMASS SPECTROMETRY.
"Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome ina refined SCX-based approach.";
Gauci S., Helbig A.O., Slijper M., Krijgsveld J., Heck A.J.,Mohammed S.;
Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-36; THR-39 AND THR-53,AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
"Large-scale phosphoproteome analysis of human liver tissue byenrichment and fractionation of phosphopeptides with strong anionexchange chromatography.";
Han G., Ye M., Zhou H., Jiang X., Feng S., Jiang X., Tian R., Wan D.,Zou H., Gu J.;
Proteomics 8:1346-1361(2008).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-102 AND SER-103, ANDMASS SPECTROMETRY.
"A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.";
Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E.,Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P.;
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-36; THR-39; SER-44;SER-49; THR-53; SER-99; SER-102 AND SER-103, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
"Phosphorylation analysis of primary human T lymphocytes usingsequential IMAC and titanium oxide enrichment.";
Carrascal M., Ovelleiro D., Casas V., Gay M., Abian J.;
J. Proteome Res. 7:5167-5176(2008).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-102 AND SER-103, ANDMASS SPECTROMETRY.
"ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networksresponsive to DNA damage.";
Matsuoka S., Ballif B.A., Smogorzewska A., McDonald E.R. III,Hurov K.E., Luo J., Bakalarski C.E., Zhao Z., Solimini N.,Lerenthal Y., Shiloh Y., Gygi S.P., Elledge S.J.;
Science 316:1160-1166(2007).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-44; SER-99; SER-102 ANDSER-103, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
"Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2 (HIPK2) phosphorylatesHMGA1a at Ser-35, Thr-52, and Thr-77 and modulates its DNA bindingaffinity.";
Zhang Q., Wang Y.;
J. Proteome Res. 6:4711-4719(2007).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-36; THR-53 AND THR-78 BY HIPK2 AND CDK1/CDC2.
"Improved titanium dioxide enrichment of phosphopeptides from HeLacells and high confident phosphopeptide identification by cross-validation of MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra.";
Yu L.-R., Zhu Z., Chan K.C., Issaq H.J., Dimitrov D.S., Veenstra T.D.;
J. Proteome Res. 6:4150-4162(2007).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-36 AND THR-53, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY.
"Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics insignaling networks.";
Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P.,Mann M.;
Cell 127:635-648(2006).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-36; SER-99; SER-102 ANDSER-103, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
"Global phosphoproteome of HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells.";
Kim J.-E., Tannenbaum S.R., White F.M.;
J. Proteome Res. 4:1339-1346(2005).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-99; SER-102 AND SER-103,AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
"Tandem mass spectrometry for the examination of the posttranslationalmodifications of high-mobility group A1 proteins: symmetric andasymmetric dimethylation of Arg25 in HMGA1a protein.";
Zou Y., Wang Y.;
Biochemistry 44:6293-6301(2005).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-99; SER-102 AND SER-103, METHYLATION AT ARG-26,AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
"Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins.";
Beausoleil S.A., Jedrychowski M., Schwartz D., Elias J.E., Villen J.,Li J., Cohn M.A., Cantley L.C., Gygi S.P.;
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101:12130-12135(2004).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-99; SER-102 AND SER-103,AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.

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