ARRB1_HUMAN - dbPTM
ARRB1_HUMAN - PTM Information in dbPTM
Basic Information of Protein
UniProt ID ARRB1_HUMAN
UniProt AC P49407
Protein Name Beta-arrestin-1
Gene Name ARRB1
Organism Homo sapiens (Human).
Sequence Length 418
Subcellular Localization Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cell membrane. Membrane, clathrin-coated pit . Cell projection, pseudopodium. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Translocates to the plasma membrane and colocalizes with antagonist-stimulated GPCRs. The monomeric form is predominantly located i
Protein Description Functions in regulating agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta-arrestins bind to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G-protein; the binding appears to require additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. The beta-arrestins target many receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin-associated sorting proteins) and recruiting the GPRCs to the adapter protein 2 complex 2 (AP-2) in clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). However, the extent of beta-arrestin involvement appears to vary significantly depending on the receptor, agonist and cell type. Internalized arrestin-receptor complexes traffic to intracellular endosomes, where they remain uncoupled from G-proteins. Two different modes of arrestin-mediated internalization occur. Class A receptors, like ADRB2, OPRM1, ENDRA, D1AR and ADRA1B dissociate from beta-arrestin at or near the plasma membrane and undergo rapid recycling. Class B receptors, like AVPR2, AGTR1, NTSR1, TRHR and TACR1 internalize as a complex with arrestin and traffic with it to endosomal vesicles, presumably as desensitized receptors, for extended periods of time. Receptor resensitization then requires that receptor-bound arrestin is removed so that the receptor can be dephosphorylated and returned to the plasma membrane. Involved in internalization of P2RY4 and UTP-stimulated internalization of P2RY2. Involved in phosphorylation-dependent internalization of OPRD1 ands subsequent recycling. Involved in the degradation of cAMP by recruiting cAMP phosphodiesterases to ligand-activated receptors. Beta-arrestins function as multivalent adapter proteins that can switch the GPCR from a G-protein signaling mode that transmits short-lived signals from the plasma membrane via small molecule second messengers and ion channels to a beta-arrestin signaling mode that transmits a distinct set of signals that are initiated as the receptor internalizes and transits the intracellular compartment. Acts as signaling scaffold for MAPK pathways such as MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2). ERK1/2 activated by the beta-arrestin scaffold is largely excluded from the nucleus and confined to cytoplasmic locations such as endocytic vesicles, also called beta-arrestin signalosomes. Recruits c-Src/SRC to ADRB2 resulting in ERK activation. GPCRs for which the beta-arrestin-mediated signaling relies on both ARRB1 and ARRB2 (codependent regulation) include ADRB2, F2RL1 and PTH1R. For some GPCRs the beta-arrestin-mediated signaling relies on either ARRB1 or ARRB2 and is inhibited by the other respective beta-arrestin form (reciprocal regulation). Inhibits ERK1/2 signaling in AGTR1- and AVPR2-mediated activation (reciprocal regulation). Is required for SP-stimulated endocytosis of NK1R and recruits c-Src/SRC to internalized NK1R resulting in ERK1/2 activation, which is required for the antiapoptotic effects of SP. Is involved in proteinase-activated F2RL1-mediated ERK activity. Acts as signaling scaffold for the AKT1 pathway. Is involved in alpha-thrombin-stimulated AKT1 signaling. Is involved in IGF1-stimulated AKT1 signaling leading to increased protection from apoptosis. Involved in activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and in actin bundle formation. Involved in F2RL1-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangement and chemotaxis. Involved in AGTR1-mediated stress fiber formation by acting together with GNAQ to activate RHOA. Appears to function as signaling scaffold involved in regulation of MIP-1-beta-stimulated CCR5-dependent chemotaxis. Involved in attenuation of NF-kappa-B-dependent transcription in response to GPCR or cytokine stimulation by interacting with and stabilizing CHUK. May serve as nuclear messenger for GPCRs. Involved in OPRD1-stimulated transcriptional regulation by translocating to CDKN1B and FOS promoter regions and recruiting EP300 resulting in acetylation of histone H4. Involved in regulation of LEF1 transcriptional activity via interaction with DVL1 and/or DVL2 Also involved in regulation of receptors other than GPCRs. Involved in Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling through the interaction with TRAF6 which prevents TRAF6 autoubiquitination and oligomerization required for activation of NF-kappa-B and JUN. Binds phosphoinositides. Binds inositolhexakisphosphate (InsP6) (By similarity). Involved in IL8-mediated granule release in neutrophils. Required for atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2-induced RAC1-LIMK1-PAK1-dependent phosphorylation of cofilin (CFL1) and for the up-regulation of ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. Involved in the internalization of the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3. Negatively regulates the NOTCH signaling pathway by mediating the ubiquitination and degradation of NOTCH1 by ITCH. Participates to the recruitment of the ubiquitin-protein ligase to the receptor. [PubMed: 23886940]
Protein Sequence MGDKGTRVFKKASPNGKLTVYLGKRDFVDHIDLVDPVDGVVLVDPEYLKERRVYVTLTCAFRYGREDLDVLGLTFRKDLFVANVQSFPPAPEDKKPLTRLQERLIKKLGEHAYPFTFEIPPNLPCSVTLQPGPEDTGKACGVDYEVKAFCAENLEEKIHKRNSVRLVIRKVQYAPERPGPQPTAETTRQFLMSDKPLHLEASLDKEIYYHGEPISVNVHVTNNTNKTVKKIKISVRQYADICLFNTAQYKCPVAMEEADDTVAPSSTFCKVYTLTPFLANNREKRGLALDGKLKHEDTNLASSTLLREGANREILGIIVSYKVKVKLVVSRGGLLGDLASSDVAVELPFTLMHPKPKEEPPHREVPENETPVDTNLIELDTNDDDIVFEDFARQRLKGMKDDKEEEEDGTGSPQLNNR
Overview of Protein Modification Sites with Functional and Structural Information
Experimental Post-Translational Modification Sites

* ASA = Accessible Surface Area

Locations Modification Substrate Peptides
&
Secondary Structure
ASA (%) Reference Orthologous
Protein Cluster
47PhosphorylationVVLVDPEYLKERRVY
EEEECHHHHHHCCEE
28.5827259358
49 (in isoform 2)Ubiquitination-48.55-
54PhosphorylationYLKERRVYVTLTCAF
HHHHCCEEEEEEEEH
5.9617456469
63PhosphorylationTLTCAFRYGREDLDV
EEEEEHHHCCCCCEE
17.6828152594
86PhosphorylationLFVANVQSFPPAPED
EEEEECCCCCCCCCC
35.1220044836
144PhosphorylationGKACGVDYEVKAFCA
CCCCCCCHHHHHHHH
21.88-
157AcetylationCAENLEEKIHKRNSV
HHHCHHHHHHHCCCE
40.5125953088
157UbiquitinationCAENLEEKIHKRNSV
HHHCHHHHHHHCCCE
40.51-
163PhosphorylationEKIHKRNSVRLVIRK
HHHHHCCCEEEEEEE
16.7927282143
173PhosphorylationLVIRKVQYAPERPGP
EEEEEEECCCCCCCC
27.41-
186PhosphorylationGPQPTAETTRQFLMS
CCCCCHHHHHHHHHC
25.4722210691
187PhosphorylationPQPTAETTRQFLMSD
CCCCHHHHHHHHHCC
17.6122210691
193PhosphorylationTTRQFLMSDKPLHLE
HHHHHHHCCCCEEEE
44.6327470641
195UbiquitinationRQFLMSDKPLHLEAS
HHHHHCCCCEEEEEE
42.02-
275PhosphorylationFCKVYTLTPFLANNR
EEEEEECCHHHCCCH
12.2827251275
330PhosphorylationVKVKLVVSRGGLLGD
EEEEEEEECCCCHHH
20.0924719451
350PhosphorylationVAVELPFTLMHPKPK
EEEECCCEECCCCCC
22.64-
374PhosphorylationENETPVDTNLIELDT
CCCCCCCCCCEECCC
31.9628102081
381PhosphorylationTNLIELDTNDDDIVF
CCCEECCCCCCCCHH
53.8525338102
410PhosphorylationKEEEEDGTGSPQLNN
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
46.9729255136
412PhosphorylationEEEDGTGSPQLNNR-
CCCCCCCCCCCCCC-
14.8729255136

Upstream regulatory proteins (kinases for phosphorylation sites, E3 ubiquitin ligases of ubiquitination sites, ...)
Modified Location Modified Residue Modification Type of Upstream Proteins Gene Name of Upstream Proteins UniProt AC of Upstream Proteins Sources
54YPhosphorylationKinaseSRCP12931
GPS
54YPhosphorylationKinaseSRC64-PhosphoELM
163SPhosphorylationKinasePKCAP17252
PSP
412SPhosphorylationKinaseGRK5P34947
Uniprot
412SPhosphorylationKinaseMAPK1P28482
GPS
412SPhosphorylationKinaseMAPK3P27361
GPS
-KUbiquitinationE3 ubiquitin ligaseMDM2Q00987
PMID:15456867

Functions of PTM Sites
Modified Location Modified Residue Modification Function Reference
412SPhosphorylation

19661922

Disease-associated PTM Sites based on SAP

* Distance = the distance between SAP position and PTM sites.

Modified Location Modification Variant Position
(Distance <= 10)
Residue Change SAP Related Disease Reference

Oops, there are no SNP-PTM records of ARRB1_HUMAN !!

Protein-Protein Interaction
Interacting Protein Gene Name Interaction Type PPI Reference Domain-Domain Interactions
ZBT43_HUMANZBTB43physical
16189514
GNMT_HUMANGNMTphysical
16189514
KHK_HUMANKHKphysical
17353931
NOLC1_HUMANNOLC1physical
17353931
AP3B1_HUMANAP3B1physical
17353931
TCOF_HUMANTCOF1physical
17353931
CHD1_HUMANCHD1physical
17353931
BOP1_HUMANBOP1physical
17353931
ARRC_HUMANARR3physical
17353931
PESC_HUMANPES1physical
17353931
DDX27_HUMANDDX27physical
17353931
IMA4_HUMANKPNA3physical
17353931
ZRAB2_HUMANZRANB2physical
17353931
RL7L_HUMANRPL7L1physical
17353931
CCL14_HUMANCCL14physical
17353931
JAK1_HUMANJAK1physical
17353931
RTF1_HUMANRTF1physical
17353931
HDGR2_HUMANHDGFRP2physical
17353931
CSK21_HUMANCSNK2A1physical
17353931
CMBL_HUMANCMBLphysical
17353931
DVL2_HUMANDVL2physical
11742073
DVL1_HUMANDVL1physical
11742073
GNDS_HUMANRALGDSphysical
12105416
ARF6_HUMANARF6physical
11533043
CSK_HUMANCSKphysical
10753943
NSF_HUMANNSFphysical
10196135
NEDD4_HUMANNEDD4physical
18544533
MDM2_HUMANMDM2physical
18544533
ITCH_HUMANITCHphysical
18544533
PRKN_HUMANPARK2physical
21466165
HGS_HUMANHGSphysical
20505072
STAM1_HUMANSTAMphysical
20505072
SL9A1_HUMANSLC9A1physical
20855896
M3K5_HUMANMAP3K5physical
19306926
CHIP_HUMANSTUB1physical
19306926
PDE4D_HUMANPDE4Dphysical
19372219
IGF1R_HUMANIGF1Rphysical
15878855
MDM2_HUMANMDM2physical
15878855
ARRB2_HUMANARRB2physical
17620599
ARRS_HUMANSAGphysical
17620599
ARRC_HUMANARR3physical
17620599
1433B_HUMANYWHABphysical
17620599
1433G_HUMANYWHAGphysical
17620599
1433T_HUMANYWHAQphysical
17620599
1433F_HUMANYWHAHphysical
17620599
1433E_HUMANYWHAEphysical
17620599
1433Z_HUMANYWHAZphysical
17620599
RANB9_HUMANRANBP9physical
17620599
STK38_HUMANSTK38physical
17620599
SCYL2_HUMANSCYL2physical
17620599
DGKZ_HUMANDGKZphysical
17620599
DGKE_HUMANDGKEphysical
17620599
DGKG_HUMANDGKGphysical
17620599
ROCK1_HUMANROCK1physical
17620599
YES_HUMANYES1physical
17620599
ATR_HUMANATRphysical
17620599
PPM1A_HUMANPPM1Aphysical
17620599
PPM1B_HUMANPPM1Bphysical
17620599
CLCA_HUMANCLTAphysical
17620599
CLH1_HUMANCLTCphysical
17620599
AP3D1_HUMANAP3D1physical
17620599
RFIP5_HUMANRAB11FIP5physical
17620599
LRP4_HUMANLRP4physical
17620599
LRP1B_HUMANLRP1Bphysical
17620599
DYN1_HUMANDNM1physical
17620599
RGS3_HUMANRGS3physical
17620599
RAB1A_HUMANRAB1Aphysical
17620599
ANXA2_HUMANANXA2physical
17620599
PTC2_HUMANPTCH2physical
17620599
SDC3_HUMANSDC3physical
17620599
H12_HUMANHIST1H1Cphysical
17620599
H2B1O_HUMANHIST1H2BOphysical
17620599
H2A2B_HUMANHIST2H2ABphysical
17620599
NOLC1_HUMANNOLC1physical
17620599
TCOF_HUMANTCOF1physical
17620599
ANM5_HUMANPRMT5physical
17620599
NPM_HUMANNPM1physical
17620599
RPA1_HUMANPOLR1Aphysical
17620599
RPAC1_HUMANPOLR1Cphysical
17620599
RPA49_HUMANPOLR1Ephysical
17620599
RPA34_HUMANCD3EAPphysical
17620599
ZRAB2_HUMANZRANB2physical
17620599
TR150_HUMANTHRAP3physical
17620599
LAP2A_HUMANTMPOphysical
17620599
LAP2B_HUMANTMPOphysical
17620599
YBOX1_HUMANYBX1physical
17620599
THOC4_HUMANALYREFphysical
17620599
NOP10_HUMANNOP10physical
17620599
RBM10_HUMANRBM10physical
17620599
SF3B2_HUMANSF3B2physical
17620599
NUCL_HUMANNCLphysical
17620599
SMD1_HUMANSNRPD1physical
17620599
SRRM2_HUMANSRRM2physical
17620599
HNRPM_HUMANHNRNPMphysical
17620599
HNRPK_HUMANHNRNPKphysical
17620599
DKC1_HUMANDKC1physical
17620599
ROA3_HUMANHNRNPA3physical
17620599
IF4B_HUMANEIF4Bphysical
17620599
EF1A2_HUMANEEF1A2physical
17620599
RL22_HUMANRPL22physical
17620599
RS3A_HUMANRPS3Aphysical
17620599
RS17_HUMANRPS17physical
17620599
IF2B2_HUMANIGF2BP2physical
17620599
ACTS_HUMANACTA1physical
17620599
TBA4A_HUMANTUBA4Aphysical
17620599
TBA3C_HUMANTUBA3Cphysical
17620599
TBA1C_HUMANTUBA1Cphysical
17620599
TBB5_HUMANTUBBphysical
17620599
VIME_HUMANVIMphysical
17620599
TBB2A_HUMANTUBB2Aphysical
17620599
FLNA_HUMANFLNAphysical
17620599
GELS_HUMANGSNphysical
17620599
LIMA1_HUMANLIMA1physical
17620599
MPRIP_HUMANMPRIPphysical
17620599
CALD1_HUMANCALD1physical
17620599
MAP1B_HUMANMAP1Bphysical
17620599
SPTN1_HUMANSPTAN1physical
17620599
TPM4_HUMANTPM4physical
17620599
CKAP4_HUMANCKAP4physical
17620599
MYH9_HUMANMYH9physical
17620599
ML12B_HUMANMYL12Bphysical
17620599
KI26A_HUMANKIF26Aphysical
17620599
MYH1_HUMANMYH1physical
17620599
FAS_HUMANFASNphysical
17620599
KPYM_HUMANPKMphysical
17620599
DHRS2_HUMANDHRS2physical
17620599
ATPA_HUMANATP5A1physical
17620599
ATPB_HUMANATP5Bphysical
17620599
F263_HUMANPFKFB3physical
17620599
PDIA1_HUMANP4HBphysical
17620599
HSP7C_HUMANHSPA8physical
17620599
HS90A_HUMANHSP90AA1physical
17620599
CNGA3_HUMANCNGA3physical
17620599
GRP78_HUMANHSPA5physical
17620599
APLP1_HUMANAPLP1physical
17620599
GRP75_HUMANHSPA9physical
17620599
BCLF1_HUMANBCLAF1physical
17620599
RS27A_HUMANRPS27Aphysical
17620599
UBB_HUMANUBBphysical
17620599
UBC_HUMANUBCphysical
17620599
RL40_HUMANUBA52physical
17620599
CBPA1_HUMANCPA1physical
17620599
CASB_HUMANCSN2physical
17620599
MEP50_HUMANWDR77physical
17620599
HDGR2_HUMANHDGFRP2physical
17620599
DGKH_HUMANDGKHphysical
17620599
ST38L_HUMANSTK38Lphysical
17620599
M3K1_HUMANMAP3K1physical
17620599
P85B_HUMANPIK3R2physical
17620599
P3C2A_HUMANPIK3C2Aphysical
17620599
STXB5_HUMANSTXBP5physical
17620599
CPNE8_HUMANCPNE8physical
17620599
RHG32_HUMANARHGAP32physical
17620599
G3BP1_HUMANG3BP1physical
17620599
S10A9_HUMANS100A9physical
17620599
ZYX_HUMANZYXphysical
17620599
H2AX_HUMANH2AFXphysical
17620599
H1X_HUMANH1FXphysical
17620599
XRCC5_HUMANXRCC5physical
17620599
RPAB1_HUMANPOLR2Ephysical
17620599
BACH2_HUMANBACH2physical
17620599
HNRPU_HUMANHNRNPUphysical
17620599
HNRH1_HUMANHNRNPH1physical
17620599
ROA1_HUMANHNRNPA1physical
17620599
RL3_HUMANRPL3physical
17620599
RS2_HUMANRPS2physical
17620599
RS8_HUMANRPS8physical
17620599
RL6_HUMANRPL6physical
17620599
RL7A_HUMANRPL7Aphysical
17620599
EIF3I_HUMANEIF3Iphysical
17620599
TMOD3_HUMANTMOD3physical
17620599
COF1_HUMANCFL1physical
17620599
SRC8_HUMANCTTNphysical
17620599
ARPC5_HUMANARPC5physical
17620599
KTN1_HUMANKTN1physical
17620599
TITIN_HUMANTTNphysical
17620599
AINX_HUMANINAphysical
17620599
DMD_HUMANDMDphysical
17620599
MYO1C_HUMANMYO1Cphysical
17620599
MYL6_HUMANMYL6physical
17620599
KIF2C_HUMANKIF2Cphysical
17620599
KIF3A_HUMANKIF3Aphysical
17620599
DYH3_HUMANDNAH3physical
17620599
ACACA_HUMANACACAphysical
17620599
KCTD3_HUMANKCTD3physical
17620599
UBP24_HUMANUSP24physical
17620599
SPIN1_HUMANSPIN1physical
17620599
VIGLN_HUMANHDLBPphysical
17620599
DPY30_HUMANDPY30physical
17620599
PRP4_HUMANPRPF4physical
17620599
TRAF6_HUMANTRAF6physical
16378096
GBB1_HUMANGNB1physical
18729826
IKBA_HUMANNFKBIAphysical
15173580
IKBA_HUMANNFKBIAphysical
15125834
EDNRA_HUMANEDNRAphysical
19202075
SRC_HUMANSRCphysical
19202075
AXIN1_HUMANAXIN1physical
19202075
M3K5_HUMANMAP3K5physical
19782076
MP2K4_HUMANMAP2K4physical
19782076
AKT1_HUMANAKT1physical
19262695
CSK_HUMANCSKphysical
19262695
PLPP_HUMANPDXPphysical
17500066
LIMK1_HUMANLIMK1physical
17500066
CLH1_HUMANCLTCphysical
16709866
PTAFR_HUMANPTAFRphysical
16709866
AP2A1_HUMANAP2A1physical
16709866
MP2K3_HUMANMAP2K3physical
16709866
MK14_HUMANMAPK14physical
16709866
ARRD1_HUMANARRDC1physical
23886940
NOTC1_HUMANNOTCH1physical
23886940
GNMT_HUMANGNMTphysical
21988832
RL15_HUMANRPL15physical
21988832
BAG1_HUMANBAG1physical
21988832
NEK6_HUMANNEK6physical
21988832
BTK_HUMANBTKphysical
21988832
P85B_HUMANPIK3R2physical
21988832
MK09_HUMANMAPK9physical
21988832
PE2R4_HUMANPTGER4physical
16432186
SRC_HUMANSRCphysical
16432186
UBP33_HUMANUSP33physical
19363159
MK09_HUMANMAPK9physical
25416956
HGS_HUMANHGSphysical
23208550
MDM2_HUMANMDM2physical
21466165
DRD4_HUMANDRD4physical
27155323
KLH12_HUMANKLHL12physical
27155323
CUL3_HUMANCUL3physical
27155323
ARRS_HUMANSAGphysical
28514442
BRPF1_HUMANBRPF1physical
28514442
RTF1_HUMANRTF1physical
28514442
NOLC1_HUMANNOLC1physical
28514442
DOCK4_HUMANDOCK4physical
28514442
AL4A1_HUMANALDH4A1physical
28514442
LYRM7_HUMANLYRM7physical
28514442
ACINU_HUMANACIN1physical
28514442
HDGR2_HUMANHDGFRP2physical
28514442
DCAF5_HUMANDCAF5physical
28514442
ELMO2_HUMANELMO2physical
28514442
TCOF_HUMANTCOF1physical
28514442

Drug and Disease Associations
Kegg Disease
There are no disease associations of PTM sites.
OMIM Disease
There are no disease associations of PTM sites.
Kegg Drug
There are no disease associations of PTM sites.
DrugBank
There are no disease associations of PTM sites.
Regulatory Network of ARRB1_HUMAN

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Related Literatures of Post-Translational Modification
Phosphorylation
ReferencePubMed
"Beta-arrestin1 phosphorylation by GRK5 regulates G protein-independent 5-HT4 receptor signalling.";
Barthet G., Carrat G., Cassier E., Barker B., Gaven F., Pillot M.,Framery B., Pellissier L.P., Augier J., Kang D.S., Claeysen S.,Reiter E., Baneres J.L., Benovic J.L., Marin P., Bockaert J.,Dumuis A.;
EMBO J. 28:2706-2718(2009).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-412.
"Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome ina refined SCX-based approach.";
Gauci S., Helbig A.O., Slijper M., Krijgsveld J., Heck A.J.,Mohammed S.;
Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-412, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY.

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