dbPTM

CDK5_HUMAN - PTM Information in dbPTM

Basic Information of Protein

Overview of Protein Modification Sites with Functional and Structural Information
UniProt ID	CDK5_HUMAN
UniProt AC	Q00535
Protein Name	Cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5
Gene Name	CDK5
Organism	Homo sapiens (Human).
Sequence Length	292
Subcellular Localization	Isoform 1: Cytoplasm. Cell membrane Peripheral membrane protein. Perikaryon. Cell projection, lamellipodium. Cell projection, growth cone. Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic cell membrane, postsynaptic density. In axonal growth cone with extension
Protein Description	Proline-directed serine/threonine-protein kinase essential for neuronal cell cycle arrest and differentiation and may be involved in apoptotic cell death in neuronal diseases by triggering abortive cell cycle re-entry. Interacts with D1 and D3-type G1 cyclins. Phosphorylates SRC, NOS3, VIM/vimentin, p35/CDK5R1, MEF2A, SIPA1L1, SH3GLB1, PXN, PAK1, MCAM/MUC18, SEPT5, SYN1, DNM1, AMPH, SYNJ1, CDK16, RAC1, RHOA, CDC42, TONEBP/NFAT5, MAPT/TAU, MAP1B, histone H1, p53/TP53, HDAC1, APEX1, PTK2/FAK1, huntingtin/HTT, ATM, MAP2, NEFH and NEFM. Regulates several neuronal development and physiological processes including neuronal survival, migration and differentiation, axonal and neurite growth, synaptogenesis, oligodendrocyte differentiation, synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission, by phosphorylating key proteins. Activated by interaction with CDK5R1 (p35) and CDK5R2 (p39), especially in post-mitotic neurons, and promotes CDK5R1 (p35) expression in an autostimulation loop. Phosphorylates many downstream substrates such as Rho and Ras family small GTPases (e.g. PAK1, RAC1, RHOA, CDC42) or microtubule-binding proteins (e.g. MAPT/TAU, MAP2, MAP1B), and modulates actin dynamics to regulate neurite growth and/or spine morphogenesis. Phosphorylates also exocytosis associated proteins such as MCAM/MUC18, SEPT5, SYN1, and CDK16/PCTAIRE1 as well as endocytosis associated proteins such as DNM1, AMPH and SYNJ1 at synaptic terminals. In the mature central nervous system (CNS), regulates neurotransmitter movements by phosphorylating substrates associated with neurotransmitter release and synapse plasticity; synaptic vesicle exocytosis, vesicles fusion with the presynaptic membrane, and endocytosis. Promotes cell survival by activating anti-apoptotic proteins BCL2 and STAT3, and negatively regulating of JNK3/MAPK10 activity. Phosphorylation of p53/TP53 in response to genotoxic and oxidative stresses enhances its stabilization by preventing ubiquitin ligase-mediated proteasomal degradation, and induces transactivation of p53/TP53 target genes, thus regulating apoptosis. Phosphorylation of p35/CDK5R1 enhances its stabilization by preventing calpain-mediated proteolysis producing p25/CDK5R1 and avoiding ubiquitin ligase-mediated proteasomal degradation. During aberrant cell-cycle activity and DNA damage, p25/CDK5 activity elicits cell-cycle activity and double-strand DNA breaks that precedes neuronal death by deregulating HDAC1. DNA damage triggered phosphorylation of huntingtin/HTT in nuclei of neurons protects neurons against polyglutamine expansion as well as DNA damage mediated toxicity. Phosphorylation of PXN reduces its interaction with PTK2/FAK1 in matrix-cell focal adhesions (MCFA) during oligodendrocytes (OLs) differentiation. Negative regulator of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Activator of the GAIT (IFN-gamma-activated inhibitor of translation) pathway, which suppresses expression of a post-transcriptional regulon of proinflammatory genes in myeloid cells; phosphorylates the linker domain of glutamyl-prolyl tRNA synthetase (EPRS) in a IFN-gamma-dependent manner, the initial event in assembly of the GAIT complex. Phosphorylation of SH3GLB1 is required for autophagy induction in starved neurons. Phosphorylation of TONEBP/NFAT5 in response to osmotic stress mediates its rapid nuclear localization. MEF2 is inactivated by phosphorylation in nucleus in response to neurotoxin, thus leading to neuronal apoptosis. APEX1 AP-endodeoxyribonuclease is repressed by phosphorylation, resulting in accumulation of DNA damage and contributing to neuronal death. NOS3 phosphorylation down regulates NOS3-derived nitrite (NO) levels. SRC phosphorylation mediates its ubiquitin-dependent degradation and thus leads to cytoskeletal reorganization. May regulate endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis via the modulation of lamellipodia formation. Involved in dendritic spine morphogenesis by mediating the EFNA1-EPHA4 signaling. The complex p35/CDK5 participates in the regulation of the circadian clock by modulating the function of CLOCK protein: phosphorylates CLOCK at 'Thr-451' and 'Thr-461' and regulates the transcriptional activity of the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer in association with altered stability and subcellular distribution..
Protein Sequence	MQKYEKLEKIGEGTYGTVFKAKNRETHEIVALKRVRLDDDDEGVPSSALREICLLKELKHKNIVRLHDVLHSDKKLTLVFEFCDQDLKKYFDSCNGDLDPEIVKSFLFQLLKGLGFCHSRNVLHRDLKPQNLLINRNGELKLADFGLARAFGIPVRCYSAEVVTLWYRPPDVLFGAKLYSTSIDMWSAGCIFAELANAGRPLFPGNDVDDQLKRIFRLLGTPTEEQWPSMTKLPDYKPYPMYPATTSLVNVVPKLNATGRDLLQNLLKCNPVQRISAEEALQHPYFSDFCPP

Experimental Post-Translational Modification Sites

* ASA = Accessible Surface Area

Locations	Modification	Substrate Peptides & Secondary Structure	ASA (%)	Reference
3	Ubiquitination	-----MQKYEKLEKI -----CCHHHHHHHC	54.82	-
4	Phosphorylation	----MQKYEKLEKIG ----CCHHHHHHHCC	11.04	28978645
6	Acetylation	--MQKYEKLEKIGEG --CCHHHHHHHCCCC	59.88	25953088
9	Acetylation	QKYEKLEKIGEGTYG CHHHHHHHCCCCCCC	67.46	23954790
9	Malonylation	QKYEKLEKIGEGTYG CHHHHHHHCCCCCCC	67.46	26320211
9	Ubiquitination	QKYEKLEKIGEGTYG CHHHHHHHCCCCCCC	67.46	-
9	Sumoylation	QKYEKLEKIGEGTYG CHHHHHHHCCCCCCC	67.46	-
14	Phosphorylation	LEKIGEGTYGTVFKA HHHCCCCCCCEEEEE	17.93	21945579
15	Phosphorylation	EKIGEGTYGTVFKAK HHCCCCCCCEEEEEC	22.96	22322096
17	Phosphorylation	IGEGTYGTVFKAKNR CCCCCCCEEEEECCC	16.62	21945579
20	Ubiquitination	GTYGTVFKAKNRETH CCCCEEEEECCCCCE	54.86	-
20	Acetylation	GTYGTVFKAKNRETH CCCCEEEEECCCCCE	54.86	25953088
20	Methylation	GTYGTVFKAKNRETH CCCCEEEEECCCCCE	54.86	-
22	Methylation	YGTVFKAKNRETHEI CCEEEEECCCCCEEE	58.07	-
22	Ubiquitination	YGTVFKAKNRETHEI CCEEEEECCCCCEEE	58.07	-
33	Acetylation	THEIVALKRVRLDDD CEEEEEEEEEECCCC	38.83	25953088
33	Ubiquitination	THEIVALKRVRLDDD CEEEEEEEEEECCCC	38.83	-
46	O-linked_Glycosylation	DDDEGVPSSALREIC CCCCCCCHHHHHHHH	26.32	27316643
46	Phosphorylation	DDDEGVPSSALREIC CCCCCCCHHHHHHHH	26.32	20873877
47	Phosphorylation	DDEGVPSSALREICL CCCCCCHHHHHHHHH	25.83	20873877
56	Ubiquitination	LREICLLKELKHKNI HHHHHHHHHHCCCCE	48.31	19608861
56	Acetylation	LREICLLKELKHKNI HHHHHHHHHHCCCCE	48.31	19608861
56	Malonylation	LREICLLKELKHKNI HHHHHHHHHHCCCCE	48.31	26320211
72	Phosphorylation	RLHDVLHSDKKLTLV EHHHHHCCCCCEEEE	47.14	17192257
74	Ubiquitination	HDVLHSDKKLTLVFE HHHHCCCCCEEEEEE	53.34	-
74	Acetylation	HDVLHSDKKLTLVFE HHHHCCCCCEEEEEE	53.34	25953088
75	Ubiquitination	DVLHSDKKLTLVFEF HHHCCCCCEEEEEEE	52.25	-
88	Ubiquitination	EFCDQDLKKYFDSCN EECCHHHHHHHHHCC	54.43	-
89	Ubiquitination	FCDQDLKKYFDSCNG ECCHHHHHHHHHCCC	59.45	-
105	Phosphorylation	LDPEIVKSFLFQLLK CCHHHHHHHHHHHHH	19.11	21712546
128	Ubiquitination	NVLHRDLKPQNLLIN CCCCCCCCHHCEEEC	49.17	21890473
141	Ubiquitination	INRNGELKLADFGLA ECCCCCEEEHHHHHH	37.01	2190698
158	Phosphorylation	FGIPVRCYSAEVVTL HCCCEEEEEEEEEEE	10.60	22817900
159	Phosphorylation	GIPVRCYSAEVVTLW CCCEEEEEEEEEEEE	22.91	19276087
167	Phosphorylation	AEVVTLWYRPPDVLF EEEEEEEECCCCCCC	19.16	18083107
213	Ubiquitination	NDVDDQLKRIFRLLG CCHHHHHHHHHHHHC	37.50	-
229	Phosphorylation	PTEEQWPSMTKLPDY CCHHHCCCCCCCCCC	35.80	27251275
231	Phosphorylation	EEQWPSMTKLPDYKP HHHCCCCCCCCCCCC	33.49	20071362
232	Ubiquitination	EQWPSMTKLPDYKPY HHCCCCCCCCCCCCC	49.75	-
236	Phosphorylation	SMTKLPDYKPYPMYP CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	16.36	20071362
237	Sumoylation	MTKLPDYKPYPMYPA CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	45.51	-
237	Ubiquitination	MTKLPDYKPYPMYPA CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	45.51	-
239	Phosphorylation	KLPDYKPYPMYPATT CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	9.11	22817900
242	Phosphorylation	DYKPYPMYPATTSLV CCCCCCCCCCCCHHH	5.80	25884760
245	O-linked_Glycosylation	PYPMYPATTSLVNVV CCCCCCCCCHHHHHH	16.65	27316643
246	O-linked_Glycosylation	YPMYPATTSLVNVVP CCCCCCCCHHHHHHH	23.36	27316643
247	Phosphorylation	PMYPATTSLVNVVPK CCCCCCCHHHHHHHC	26.43	28857561
247	O-linked_Glycosylation	PMYPATTSLVNVVPK CCCCCCCHHHHHHHC	26.43	27316643
254	Ubiquitination	SLVNVVPKLNATGRD HHHHHHHCCCCCCHH	42.64	-
268	Ubiquitination	DLLQNLLKCNPVQRI HHHHHHHCCCCCCCC	34.82	-

Upstream regulatory proteins (kinases for phosphorylation sites, E3 ubiquitin ligases of ubiquitination sites, ...)

Modified Location	Modified Residue	Modification	Type of Upstream Proteins	Gene Name of Upstream Proteins	UniProt AC of Upstream Proteins	Sources
15	Y	Phosphorylation	Kinase	ABL1	P00519	Uniprot
15	Y	Phosphorylation	Kinase	EPHA4	P54764	Uniprot
15	Y	Phosphorylation	Kinase	FYN	P06241	Uniprot
15	Y	Phosphorylation	Kinase	ABL-FAMILY	-	GPS
47	S	Phosphorylation	Kinase	CDK5	Q00535	PSP
77	T	Phosphorylation	Kinase	PRKCD	Q05655	GPS
159	S	Phosphorylation	Kinase	CSNK1A1	P48729	GPS
159	S	Phosphorylation	Kinase	CK1-FAMILY	-	GPS
159	S	Phosphorylation	Kinase	CK1_GROUP	-	PhosphoELM

Functions of PTM Sites

Modified Location	Modified Residue	Modification	Reference
14	T	Phosphorylation	15689152
By contrast, phosphorylation at Thr-14 inhibits activity.
159	S	Phosphorylation	10500146
Phosphorylation at Ser-159 is essential for maximal catalytic activity.
159	S	Phosphorylation	10500146
Phosphorylation on Tyr-15 by ABL1 and FYN, and on Ser-159 by casein kinase 1 promotes kinase activity.

Disease-associated PTM Sites based on SAP

* Distance = the distance between SAP position and PTM sites.

Modified Location	Modification	Variant Position (Distance <= 10)	Residue Change	SAP	Related Disease	Reference
Oops, there are no SNP-PTM records of CDK5_HUMAN !!

Protein-Protein Interaction

Interacting Protein	Gene Name	Interaction Type	PPI Reference
LMTK2_HUMAN	LMTK2	physical	12832520
NEST_HUMAN	NES	physical	12832492
NDEL1_HUMAN	NDEL1	physical	11163260
CD5R1_HUMAN	CDK5R1	physical	11389014
CCND2_HUMAN	CCND2	physical	9422379
PAK1_HUMAN	PAK1	physical	11604394
CDK16_HUMAN	CDK16	physical	12084709
CD5R1_HUMAN	CDK5R1	physical	11583627
P53_HUMAN	TP53	physical	17591690
CD5R1_HUMAN	CDK5R1	physical	17591690
PRKN_HUMAN	PARK2	physical	17327227
SDS3_MOUSE	Suds3	physical	15489224
NEST_HUMAN	NES	physical	17036052
TLN1_HUMAN	TLN1	physical	19363486
BAG6_HUMAN	BAG6	physical	21900206
HEM1_HUMAN	ALAS1	physical	21900206
H10_HUMAN	H1F0	physical	12970441
CD5R1_HUMAN	CDK5R1	physical	22654103
FZR1_HUMAN	FZR1	physical	22654103
RL34_HUMAN	RPL34	physical	10049762
RB_HUMAN	RB1	physical	10049762
DAB1_HUMAN	DAB1	physical	18076569
DYN1_HUMAN	DNM1	physical	15834155
KI26B_HUMAN	KIF26B	physical	22768111
ODFP1_HUMAN	ODF1	physical	17762160
CD5R1_HUMAN	CDK5R1	physical	17762160
AMPH_HUMAN	AMPH	physical	17419807
TAU_HUMAN	MAPT	physical	9735171
MBP_HUMAN	MBP	physical	17906618
HTRA2_HUMAN	HTRA2	physical	17906618
A4_HUMAN	APP	physical	21832049
GBP1_HUMAN	GBP1	physical	22939629
TAU_HUMAN	MAPT	physical	12387894
CDN1B_HUMAN	CDKN1B	physical	23543736
H15_HUMAN	HIST1H1B	physical	11516829
PPARG_HUMAN	PPARG	physical	22078880
CDK5_HUMAN	CDK5	physical	23602568
CDN1A_HUMAN	CDKN1A	physical	23602568
CDN1B_HUMAN	CDKN1B	physical	23602568
C2CD5_HUMAN	C2CD5	physical	23602568
CCNB1_HUMAN	CCNB1	physical	23602568
CABL1_HUMAN	CABLES1	physical	23602568
FIBP_HUMAN	FIBP	physical	23602568
TMM94_HUMAN	KIAA0195	physical	23602568
CABL2_HUMAN	CABLES2	physical	23602568
CCND2_HUMAN	CCND2	physical	23602568
DCLK3_HUMAN	DCLK3	physical	23602568
CCND3_HUMAN	CCND3	physical	23602568
CD5R1_HUMAN	CDK5R1	physical	23602568
STIP1_HUMAN	STIP1	physical	23602568
CCNE1_HUMAN	CCNE1	physical	23602568
FIBP_HUMAN	FIBP	physical	23455922
DHE3_HUMAN	GLUD1	physical	23455922
HS90A_HUMAN	HSP90AA1	physical	23455922
HS90B_HUMAN	HSP90AB1	physical	23455922
CCNB1_HUMAN	CCNB1	physical	23455922
TCPA_HUMAN	TCP1	physical	23455922
CCNA2_HUMAN	CCNA2	physical	23455922
CCND2_HUMAN	CCND2	physical	23455922
CCND3_HUMAN	CCND3	physical	23455922
CDN1A_HUMAN	CDKN1A	physical	23455922
TCPZ_HUMAN	CCT6A	physical	23455922
CDN1B_HUMAN	CDKN1B	physical	23455922
TCPE_HUMAN	CCT5	physical	23455922
TCPG_HUMAN	CCT3	physical	23455922
TCPQ_HUMAN	CCT8	physical	23455922
TCPD_HUMAN	CCT4	physical	23455922
TCPB_HUMAN	CCT2	physical	23455922
CDK3_HUMAN	CDK3	physical	23455922
CDK18_HUMAN	CDK18	physical	23455922
TMM94_HUMAN	KIAA0195	physical	23455922
TRAP1_HUMAN	TRAP1	physical	23455922
C2CD5_HUMAN	C2CD5	physical	23455922
CABL1_HUMAN	CABLES1	physical	23455922
TCPH_HUMAN	CCT7	physical	23455922
CABL2_HUMAN	CABLES2	physical	23455922
PPARG_HUMAN	PPARG	physical	22584573
TAU_HUMAN	MAPT	physical	9353289
TAU_HUMAN	MAPT	physical	19527721
CABL1_HUMAN	CABLES1	physical	25852190
CABL2_HUMAN	CABLES2	physical	25852190
CCNB1_HUMAN	CCNB1	physical	25852190
CCNI_HUMAN	CCNI	physical	25852190
TCPB_HUMAN	CCT2	physical	25852190
TCPG_HUMAN	CCT3	physical	25852190
TCPD_HUMAN	CCT4	physical	25852190
TCPE_HUMAN	CCT5	physical	25852190
TCPZ_HUMAN	CCT6A	physical	25852190
TCPH_HUMAN	CCT7	physical	25852190
TCPQ_HUMAN	CCT8	physical	25852190
CDK3_HUMAN	CDK3	physical	25852190
CDN1B_HUMAN	CDKN1B	physical	25852190
FIBP_HUMAN	FIBP	physical	25852190
TMM94_HUMAN	KIAA0195	physical	25852190
C2CD5_HUMAN	C2CD5	physical	25852190
TAU_HUMAN	MAPT	physical	17078951
C2CD5_HUMAN	C2CD5	physical	26186194
CCNB1_HUMAN	CCNB1	physical	26186194
CDN1B_HUMAN	CDKN1B	physical	26186194
CABL1_HUMAN	CABLES1	physical	26186194
CDK20_HUMAN	CDK20	physical	26186194
CDK14_HUMAN	CDK14	physical	26186194
RPE_HUMAN	RPE	physical	26344197
CHIP_HUMAN	STUB1	physical	26206088
FZR1_HUMAN	FZR1	physical	18818692
MPIP1_HUMAN	CDC25A	physical	22899714
MPIP2_HUMAN	CDC25B	physical	22899714
MPIP3_HUMAN	CDC25C	physical	22899714
YBOX3_HUMAN	YBX3	physical	10100871
C2CD5_HUMAN	C2CD5	physical	28514442
CABL1_HUMAN	CABLES1	physical	28514442
CCNB1_HUMAN	CCNB1	physical	28514442
CDK20_HUMAN	CDK20	physical	28514442
CDN1B_HUMAN	CDKN1B	physical	28514442
CDK3_HUMAN	CDK3	physical	28514442
CDK14_HUMAN	CDK14	physical	28514442
CCNE1_HUMAN	CCNE1	physical	28514442
SHLB1_HUMAN	SH3GLB1	physical	27173435
PRCC_HUMAN	PRCC	physical	27173435
SEPT7_HUMAN	SEPT7	physical	27173435
CHRD1_HUMAN	CHORDC1	physical	27173435
SARNP_HUMAN	SARNP	physical	27173435
COPZ1_HUMAN	COPZ1	physical	27173435
GORS2_HUMAN	GORASP2	physical	27173435
SEP11_HUMAN	SEPT11	physical	27173435
DRG1_HUMAN	DRG1	physical	27173435
FYV1_HUMAN	PIKFYVE	physical	28637746
CD5R1_HUMAN	CDK5R1	physical	28637746

Drug and Disease Associations

Kegg Disease
There are no disease associations of PTM sites.
OMIM Disease
616342	Lissencephaly 7, with cerebellar hypoplasia (LIS7)
Kegg Drug
D09604	Dinaciclib (USAN/INN)
DrugBank
There are no disease associations of PTM sites.

Regulatory Network of CDK5_HUMAN

Related Literatures of Post-Translational Modification

Acetylation
Reference	PubMed
"Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates majorcellular functions."; Choudhary C., Kumar C., Gnad F., Nielsen M.L., Rehman M., Walther T.,Olsen J.V., Mann M.; Science 325:834-840(2009). Cited for: ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-56, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.	19608861 [Abstract]
Phosphorylation
Reference	PubMed
"Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome."; Oppermann F.S., Gnad F., Olsen J.V., Hornberger R., Greff Z., Keri G.,Mann M., Daub H.; Mol. Cell. Proteomics 8:1751-1764(2009). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-14; TYR-15; THR-17;SER-46; SER-72 AND TYR-239, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.	19369195 [Abstract]
"Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics ofthe kinome across the cell cycle."; Daub H., Olsen J.V., Bairlein M., Gnad F., Oppermann F.S., Korner R.,Greff Z., Keri G., Stemmann O., Mann M.; Mol. Cell 31:438-448(2008). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-15; THR-17 AND SER-72,AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.	18691976 [Abstract]
"Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signalingreveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions."; Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K.,Rodionov V., Han D.K.; Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-15, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY.	19690332 [Abstract]
"An extensive survey of tyrosine phosphorylation revealing new sitesin human mammary epithelial cells."; Heibeck T.H., Ding S.-J., Opresko L.K., Zhao R., Schepmoes A.A.,Yang F., Tolmachev A.V., Monroe M.E., Camp D.G. II, Smith R.D.,Wiley H.S., Qian W.-J.; J. Proteome Res. 8:3852-3861(2009). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-15, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY.	19534553 [Abstract]
"Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome ina refined SCX-based approach."; Gauci S., Helbig A.O., Slijper M., Krijgsveld J., Heck A.J.,Mohammed S.; Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-15, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY.	19413330 [Abstract]
"Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenickinases in lung cancer."; Rikova K., Guo A., Zeng Q., Possemato A., Yu J., Haack H., Nardone J.,Lee K., Reeves C., Li Y., Hu Y., Tan Z., Stokes M., Sullivan L.,Mitchell J., Wetzel R., Macneill J., Ren J.M., Yuan J.,Bakalarski C.E., Villen J., Kornhauser J.M., Smith B., Li D., Zhou X.,Gygi S.P., Gu T.-L., Polakiewicz R.D., Rush J., Comb M.J.; Cell 131:1190-1203(2007). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-15, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY.	18083107 [Abstract]

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