ALK_HUMAN - dbPTM
ALK_HUMAN - PTM Information in dbPTM
Basic Information of Protein
UniProt ID ALK_HUMAN
UniProt AC Q9UM73
Protein Name ALK tyrosine kinase receptor
Gene Name ALK
Organism Homo sapiens (Human).
Sequence Length 1620
Subcellular Localization Cell membrane
Single-pass type I membrane protein . Membrane attachment was crucial for promotion of neuron-like differentiation and cell proliferation arrest through specific activation of the MAP kinase pathway.
Protein Description Neuronal receptor tyrosine kinase that is essentially and transiently expressed in specific regions of the central and peripheral nervous systems and plays an important role in the genesis and differentiation of the nervous system. Transduces signals from ligands at the cell surface, through specific activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Phosphorylates almost exclusively at the first tyrosine of the Y-x-x-x-Y-Y motif. Following activation by ligand, ALK induces tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL, FRS2, IRS1 and SHC1, as well as of the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1. Acts as a receptor for ligands pleiotrophin (PTN), a secreted growth factor, and midkine (MDK), a PTN-related factor, thus participating in PTN and MDK signal transduction. PTN-binding induces MAPK pathway activation, which is important for the anti-apoptotic signaling of PTN and regulation of cell proliferation. MDK-binding induces phosphorylation of the ALK target insulin receptor substrate (IRS1), activates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and PI3-kinase, resulting also in cell proliferation induction. Drives NF-kappa-B activation, probably through IRS1 and the activation of the AKT serine/threonine kinase. Recruitment of IRS1 to activated ALK and the activation of NF-kappa-B are essential for the autocrine growth and survival signaling of MDK..
Protein Sequence MGAIGLLWLLPLLLSTAAVGSGMGTGQRAGSPAAGPPLQPREPLSYSRLQRKSLAVDFVVPSLFRVYARDLLLPPSSSELKAGRPEARGSLALDCAPLLRLLGPAPGVSWTAGSPAPAEARTLSRVLKGGSVRKLRRAKQLVLELGEEAILEGCVGPPGEAAVGLLQFNLSELFSWWIRQGEGRLRIRLMPEKKASEVGREGRLSAAIRASQPRLLFQIFGTGHSSLESPTNMPSPSPDYFTWNLTWIMKDSFPFLSHRSRYGLECSFDFPCELEYSPPLHDLRNQSWSWRRIPSEEASQMDLLDGPGAERSKEMPRGSFLLLNTSADSKHTILSPWMRSSSEHCTLAVSVHRHLQPSGRYIAQLLPHNEAAREILLMPTPGKHGWTVLQGRIGRPDNPFRVALEYISSGNRSLSAVDFFALKNCSEGTSPGSKMALQSSFTCWNGTVLQLGQACDFHQDCAQGEDESQMCRKLPVGFYCNFEDGFCGWTQGTLSPHTPQWQVRTLKDARFQDHQDHALLLSTTDVPASESATVTSATFPAPIKSSPCELRMSWLIRGVLRGNVSLVLVENKTGKEQGRMVWHVAAYEGLSLWQWMVLPLLDVSDRFWLQMVAWWGQGSRAIVAFDNISISLDCYLTISGEDKILQNTAPKSRNLFERNPNKELKPGENSPRQTPIFDPTVHWLFTTCGASGPHGPTQAQCNNAYQNSNLSVEVGSEGPLKGIQIWKVPATDTYSISGYGAAGGKGGKNTMMRSHGVSVLGIFNLEKDDMLYILVGQQGEDACPSTNQLIQKVCIGENNVIEEEIRVNRSVHEWAGGGGGGGGATYVFKMKDGVPVPLIIAAGGGGRAYGAKTDTFHPERLENNSSVLGLNGNSGAAGGGGGWNDNTSLLWAGKSLQEGATGGHSCPQAMKKWGWETRGGFGGGGGGCSSGGGGGGYIGGNAASNNDPEMDGEDGVSFISPLGILYTPALKVMEGHGEVNIKHYLNCSHCEVDECHMDPESHKVICFCDHGTVLAEDGVSCIVSPTPEPHLPLSLILSVVTSALVAALVLAFSGIMIVYRRKHQELQAMQMELQSPEYKLSKLRTSTIMTDYNPNYCFAGKTSSISDLKEVPRKNITLIRGLGHGAFGEVYEGQVSGMPNDPSPLQVAVKTLPEVCSEQDELDFLMEALIISKFNHQNIVRCIGVSLQSLPRFILLELMAGGDLKSFLRETRPRPSQPSSLAMLDLLHVARDIACGCQYLEENHFIHRDIAARNCLLTCPGPGRVAKIGDFGMARDIYRASYYRKGGCAMLPVKWMPPEAFMEGIFTSKTDTWSFGVLLWEIFSLGYMPYPSKSNQEVLEFVTSGGRMDPPKNCPGPVYRIMTQCWQHQPEDRPNFAIILERIEYCTQDPDVINTALPIEYGPLVEEEEKVPVRPKDPEGVPPLLVSQQAKREEERSPAAPPPLPTTSSGKAAKKPTAAEISVRVPRGPAVEGGHVNMAFSQSNPPSELHKVHGSRNKPTSLWNPTYGSWFTEKPTKKNNPIAKKEPHDRGNLGLEGSCTVPPNVATGRLPGASLLLEPSSLTANMKEVPLFRLRHFPCGNVNYGYQQQGLPLEAATAPGAGHYEDTILKSKNSMNQPGP
Overview of Protein Modification Sites with Functional and Structural Information
Experimental Post-Translational Modification Sites

* ASA = Accessible Surface Area

Locations Modification Substrate Peptides
&
Secondary Structure
ASA (%) Reference Orthologous
Protein Cluster
15PhosphorylationWLLPLLLSTAAVGSG
HHHHHHHHHHHHCCC
18.9024043423
16PhosphorylationLLPLLLSTAAVGSGM
HHHHHHHHHHHCCCC
20.7124043423
21PhosphorylationLSTAAVGSGMGTGQR
HHHHHHCCCCCCCCC
21.0024043423
25PhosphorylationAVGSGMGTGQRAGSP
HHCCCCCCCCCCCCC
22.6524043423
45PhosphorylationLQPREPLSYSRLQRK
CCCCCCCCHHHHHCH
31.6022817900
46PhosphorylationQPREPLSYSRLQRKS
CCCCCCCHHHHHCHH
12.9025884760
47PhosphorylationPREPLSYSRLQRKSL
CCCCCCHHHHHCHHH
24.1219664994
62PhosphorylationAVDFVVPSLFRVYAR
HHHCHHHHHHHHHHH
28.6446162365
76PhosphorylationRDLLLPPSSSELKAG
HHCCCCCCHHHHCCC
44.5527732954
77PhosphorylationDLLLPPSSSELKAGR
HCCCCCCHHHHCCCC
33.3427732954
78PhosphorylationLLLPPSSSELKAGRP
CCCCCCHHHHCCCCC
51.8127732954
169N-linked_GlycosylationAVGLLQFNLSELFSW
HHHHHHCCHHHHHHH
29.69UniProtKB CARBOHYD
211PhosphorylationLSAAIRASQPRLLFQ
HHHHHHHCCCEEEEE
30.7622817900
235PhosphorylationESPTNMPSPSPDYFT
CCCCCCCCCCCCCEE
27.5222210691
244N-linked_GlycosylationSPDYFTWNLTWIMKD
CCCCEEEEEEEEECC
25.24UniProtKB CARBOHYD
285N-linked_GlycosylationPPLHDLRNQSWSWRR
CCHHHHCCCCCEEEC
47.75UniProtKB CARBOHYD
312PhosphorylationDGPGAERSKEMPRGS
CCCCCHHCCCCCCCC
25.1919664995
319PhosphorylationSKEMPRGSFLLLNTS
CCCCCCCCEEEEECC
17.6346162347
324N-linked_GlycosylationRGSFLLLNTSADSKH
CCCEEEEECCCCCCC
31.77UniProtKB CARBOHYD
326PhosphorylationSFLLLNTSADSKHTI
CEEEEECCCCCCCEE
29.0746162353
329PhosphorylationLLNTSADSKHTILSP
EEECCCCCCCEECCH
26.5046162359
332PhosphorylationTSADSKHTILSPWMR
CCCCCCCEECCHHHC
27.6127251275
335PhosphorylationDSKHTILSPWMRSSS
CCCCEECCHHHCCCC
16.8027251275
411N-linked_GlycosylationLEYISSGNRSLSAVD
EEHHHCCCCEEEEEE
32.11UniProtKB CARBOHYD
424N-linked_GlycosylationVDFFALKNCSEGTSP
EEEEEECCCCCCCCC
35.08UniProtKB CARBOHYD
426PhosphorylationFFALKNCSEGTSPGS
EEEECCCCCCCCCCC
48.7522210691
430PhosphorylationKNCSEGTSPGSKMAL
CCCCCCCCCCCHHHH
37.8122210691
445N-linked_GlycosylationQSSFTCWNGTVLQLG
HCCEEEECCEEEECH
38.10UniProtKB CARBOHYD
563N-linked_GlycosylationIRGVLRGNVSLVLVE
HHHHHCCCEEEEEEE
17.48UniProtKB CARBOHYD
571N-linked_GlycosylationVSLVLVENKTGKEQG
EEEEEEECCCCCCCC
39.44UniProtKB CARBOHYD
591PhosphorylationVAAYEGLSLWQWMVL
EEEECCCCHHHHHHH
38.1227542207
604PhosphorylationVLPLLDVSDRFWLQM
HHHHHCCCHHHHHHH
23.8027542207
627N-linked_GlycosylationRAIVAFDNISISLDC
EEEEEECCEEEEEEE
24.37UniProtKB CARBOHYD
709N-linked_GlycosylationNNAYQNSNLSVEVGS
CCCCCCCCCEEEECC
43.83UniProtKB CARBOHYD
733PhosphorylationWKVPATDTYSISGYG
EEECCCCEEEECCCC
18.1422210691
735PhosphorylationVPATDTYSISGYGAA
ECCCCEEEECCCCCC
16.6322210691
739PhosphorylationDTYSISGYGAAGGKG
CEEEECCCCCCCCCC
9.2222210691
808N-linked_GlycosylationIEEEIRVNRSVHEWA
CCEEHHHCCCCCCCC
22.21UniProtKB CARBOHYD
831UbiquitinationATYVFKMKDGVPVPL
CEEEEECCCCCEEEE
52.50-
863N-linked_GlycosylationFHPERLENNSSVLGL
CCHHHHCCCCCEEEE
59.27UniProtKB CARBOHYD
864N-linked_GlycosylationHPERLENNSSVLGLN
CHHHHCCCCCEEEEC
26.70UniProtKB CARBOHYD
886N-linked_GlycosylationGGGGWNDNTSLLWAG
CCCCCCCCCCEEECC
28.49UniProtKB CARBOHYD
895PhosphorylationSLLWAGKSLQEGATG
CEEECCCCCCCCCCC
34.0728509920
901PhosphorylationKSLQEGATGGHSCPQ
CCCCCCCCCCCCCHH
55.3328509920
986N-linked_GlycosylationVNIKHYLNCSHCEVD
EEEEEECCCCCCEEE
20.34UniProtKB CARBOHYD
1075PhosphorylationAMQMELQSPEYKLSK
HHHHHHHCCHHHHHH
32.1227732954
1078PhosphorylationMELQSPEYKLSKLRT
HHHHCCHHHHHHHCC
22.1825884760
1081PhosphorylationQSPEYKLSKLRTSTI
HCCHHHHHHHCCCCC
26.0321082442
1085PhosphorylationYKLSKLRTSTIMTDY
HHHHHHCCCCCCCCC
40.4327732954
1086PhosphorylationKLSKLRTSTIMTDYN
HHHHHCCCCCCCCCC
14.9827732954
1087PhosphorylationLSKLRTSTIMTDYNP
HHHHCCCCCCCCCCC
17.7227732954
1090PhosphorylationLRTSTIMTDYNPNYC
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
31.3346162371
1092PhosphorylationTSTIMTDYNPNYCFA
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
24.2925884760
1096PhosphorylationMTDYNPNYCFAGKTS
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
7.0911110708
1103PhosphorylationYCFAGKTSSISDLKE
CCCCCCCCCHHHHHH
29.2127732954
1104PhosphorylationCFAGKTSSISDLKEV
CCCCCCCCHHHHHHC
31.2027732954
1106PhosphorylationAGKTSSISDLKEVPR
CCCCCCHHHHHHCCC
38.5527732954
1131PhosphorylationHGAFGEVYEGQVSGM
CCCCCEEEECCCCCC
15.2722817900
1143PhosphorylationSGMPNDPSPLQVAVK
CCCCCCCCHHHHHEE
40.9028787133
1206PhosphorylationMAGGDLKSFLRETRP
HHCCCHHHHHHHCCC
36.4924719451
1216PhosphorylationRETRPRPSQPSSLAM
HHCCCCCCCCCHHHH
56.8827732954
1219PhosphorylationRPRPSQPSSLAMLDL
CCCCCCCCHHHHHHH
30.2827732954
1220PhosphorylationPRPSQPSSLAMLDLL
CCCCCCCHHHHHHHH
27.1627732954
1278PhosphorylationFGMARDIYRASYYRK
CCCHHHHHHHHHHCC
12.3818083107
1281PhosphorylationARDIYRASYYRKGGC
HHHHHHHHHHCCCCE
17.4423898821
1282PhosphorylationRDIYRASYYRKGGCA
HHHHHHHHHCCCCEE
13.3022817900
1283PhosphorylationDIYRASYYRKGGCAM
HHHHHHHHCCCCEEE
11.8922817900
1359PhosphorylationKNCPGPVYRIMTQCW
CCCCCHHHHHHHHHH
9.5018083107
1401PhosphorylationNTALPIEYGPLVEEE
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCH
25.4346162383
1437PhosphorylationAKREEERSPAAPPPL
HHHHHHCCCCCCCCC
23.3627732954
1446PhosphorylationAAPPPLPTTSSGKAA
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
47.1727732954
1447PhosphorylationAPPPLPTTSSGKAAK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
20.9627732954
1448PhosphorylationPPPLPTTSSGKAAKK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
39.3027732954
1449PhosphorylationPPLPTTSSGKAAKKP
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
42.0727732954
1451MethylationLPTTSSGKAAKKPTA
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCE
47.31-
1455MethylationSSGKAAKKPTAAEIS
CCCCCCCCCCEEEEE
42.76-
1481PhosphorylationGHVNMAFSQSNPPSE
CEEEEEECCCCCCHH
24.1427732954
1483PhosphorylationVNMAFSQSNPPSELH
EEEEECCCCCCHHHH
50.5427732954
1487PhosphorylationFSQSNPPSELHKVHG
ECCCCCCHHHHCCCC
54.7927732954
1495PhosphorylationELHKVHGSRNKPTSL
HHHCCCCCCCCCCCC
20.1568732247
1498UbiquitinationKVHGSRNKPTSLWNP
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
48.87-
1500PhosphorylationHGSRNKPTSLWNPTY
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
37.7529978859
1501PhosphorylationGSRNKPTSLWNPTYG
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
39.6629978859
1506PhosphorylationPTSLWNPTYGSWFTE
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
36.9825884760
1507PhosphorylationTSLWNPTYGSWFTEK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
15.4917274988
1509PhosphorylationLWNPTYGSWFTEKPT
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
14.4925884760
1512PhosphorylationPTYGSWFTEKPTKKN
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
36.5227732954
1514UbiquitinationYGSWFTEKPTKKNNP
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
55.73-
1517UbiquitinationWFTEKPTKKNNPIAK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
63.13-
1518UbiquitinationFTEKPTKKNNPIAKK
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
65.52-
1560PhosphorylationASLLLEPSSLTANMK
CEEEECCHHCCCCCE
28.7127732954
1561PhosphorylationSLLLEPSSLTANMKE
EEEECCHHCCCCCEE
40.2227732954
1563PhosphorylationLLEPSSLTANMKEVP
EECCHHCCCCCEECC
20.2427732954
1584PhosphorylationFPCGNVNYGYQQQGL
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
16.9625884760
1586PhosphorylationCGNVNYGYQQQGLPL
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
7.8722817900
1597PhosphorylationGLPLEAATAPGAGHY
CCCCHHCCCCCCCCH
40.1925884760
1604PhosphorylationTAPGAGHYEDTILKS
CCCCCCCHHHCCCCC
18.0018923523
1607PhosphorylationGAGHYEDTILKSKNS
CCCCHHHCCCCCCCC
19.1023898821
1610MethylationHYEDTILKSKNSMNQ
CHHHCCCCCCCCCCC
56.38-

Upstream regulatory proteins (kinases for phosphorylation sites, E3 ubiquitin ligases of ubiquitination sites, ...)
Modified Location Modified Residue Modification Type of Upstream Proteins Gene Name of Upstream Proteins UniProt AC of Upstream Proteins Sources
1278YPhosphorylationKinaseALKQ9UM73
PSP
1282YPhosphorylationKinaseALKQ9UM73
PhosphoELM
1283YPhosphorylationKinaseALKQ9UM73
PhosphoELM
-KUbiquitinationE3 ubiquitin ligaseSTUB1Q9UNE7
PMID:15126367
-KUbiquitinationE3 ubiquitin ligaseCBLP22681
PMID:22479414

Functions of PTM Sites
Modified Location Modified Residue Modification Function Reference

Oops, there are no descriptions of PTM sites of ALK_HUMAN !!

Disease-associated PTM Sites based on SAP

* Distance = the distance between SAP position and PTM sites.

Modified Location Modification Variant Position
(Distance <= 10)
Residue Change SAP Related Disease Reference

Oops, there are no SNP-PTM records of ALK_HUMAN !!

Protein-Protein Interaction
Interacting Protein Gene Name Interaction Type PPI Reference Domain-Domain Interactions
PTN_HUMANPTNphysical
11278720
SHC1_HUMANSHC1physical
11888936
JAK3_HUMANJAK3physical
11850821
SHC3_HUMANSHC3physical
12185581
RAB35_HUMANRAB35physical
14968112
CH60_HUMANHSPD1physical
14968112
M3K4_HUMANMAP3K4physical
14968112
GRB2_HUMANGRB2physical
14968112
SOCS1_HUMANSOCS1physical
14968112
PK3CB_HUMANPIK3CBphysical
14968112
RAD17_HUMANRAD17physical
14968112
IRF7_HUMANIRF7physical
14968112
EPHB2_HUMANEPHB2physical
14968112
IF4B_HUMANEIF4Bphysical
14968112
JIP3_HUMANMAPK8IP3physical
14968112
CENPF_HUMANCENPFphysical
14968112
PLCB2_HUMANPLCB2physical
14968112
PDX1_HUMANPDX1physical
14968112
STAT3_HUMANSTAT3physical
14968112
MP2K7_HUMANMAP2K7physical
14968112
JAK2_HUMANJAK2physical
14968112
M3K5_HUMANMAP3K5physical
14968112
MEP1B_HUMANMEP1Bphysical
14968112
GAK_HUMANGAKphysical
14968112
EPHA1_HUMANEPHA1physical
14968112
UBS3A_HUMANUBASH3Aphysical
14968112
JAK3_HUMANJAK3physical
14968112
IF2M_HUMANMTIF2physical
14968112
MYLK_HUMANMYLKphysical
14968112
M3K1_HUMANMAP3K1physical
14968112
MK01_HUMANMAPK1physical
14968112
SOCS5_HUMANSOCS5physical
14968112
CDK13_HUMANCDK13physical
14968112
SMC6_HUMANSMC6physical
14968112
IRS4_HUMANIRS4physical
14968112
K1C18_HUMANKRT18physical
14968112
K2C74_HUMANKRT74physical
14968112
PLCG1_HUMANPLCG1physical
14968112
NIPA_HUMANZC3HC1physical
12748172
PLCG1_HUMANPLCG1physical
9819383
GRB2_HUMANGRB2physical
9819383
HS90A_HUMANHSP90AA1physical
22939624
BCAR1_HUMANBCAR1physical
16105984
ACTB_HUMANACTBphysical
16105984
PDLI3_HUMANPDLIM3physical
16105984
VIME_HUMANVIMphysical
16105984
TBB4B_HUMANTUBB4Bphysical
16105984
MYO6_HUMANMYO6physical
16105984
MYH10_HUMANMYH10physical
16105984
MYH9_HUMANMYH9physical
16105984
GCP2_HUMANTUBGCP2physical
16105984
ACTN4_HUMANACTN4physical
16105984
COR1C_HUMANCORO1Cphysical
16105984
FLII_HUMANFLIIphysical
16105984
BICD2_HUMANBICD2physical
16105984
RACK1_HUMANGNB2L1physical
16105984
GRB2_HUMANGRB2physical
16105984
SRC_HUMANSRCphysical
16105984
PAXI_HUMANPXNphysical
16105984
KPCT_HUMANPRKCQphysical
14968112
MYPC2_HUMANMYBPC2physical
14968112
CDK9_HUMANCDK9genetic
28319113
PPM1A_HUMANPPM1Aphysical
28065597
DUS19_HUMANDUSP19physical
28065597

Drug and Disease Associations
Kegg Disease
H00014 Non-small cell lung cancer
OMIM Disease
Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ALK is found in a form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Translocation t(2
5)(p23
q35) with NPM1. The resulting chimeric NPM1-ALK protein homodimerize and the kinase becomes constitutively activated. The constitutively active fusion proteins are responsible for 5-10% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
613014
Kegg Drug
D09731 Crizotinib (JAN/USAN/INN); Xalkori (TN)
D10450 Alectinib hydrochloride (JAN)
DrugBank
DB00171Adenosine triphosphate
DB08865Crizotinib
Regulatory Network of ALK_HUMAN

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Related Literatures of Post-Translational Modification
Phosphorylation
ReferencePubMed
"Phosphoproteome analysis of the human mitotic spindle.";
Nousiainen M., Sillje H.H.W., Sauer G., Nigg E.A., Koerner R.;
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103:5391-5396(2006).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-211, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY.
"Recruitment of insulin receptor substrate-1 and activation of NF-kappaB essential for midkine growth signaling through anaplasticlymphoma kinase.";
Kuo A.H., Stoica G.E., Riegel A.T., Wellstein A.;
Oncogene 26:859-869(2007).
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH IRS1 AND SHC, PHOSPHORYLATION AT TYR-1096, ANDFUNCTION.
"Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenickinases in lung cancer.";
Rikova K., Guo A., Zeng Q., Possemato A., Yu J., Haack H., Nardone J.,Lee K., Reeves C., Li Y., Hu Y., Tan Z., Stokes M., Sullivan L.,Mitchell J., Wetzel R., Macneill J., Ren J.M., Yuan J.,Bakalarski C.E., Villen J., Kornhauser J.M., Smith B., Li D., Zhou X.,Gygi S.P., Gu T.-L., Polakiewicz R.D., Rush J., Comb M.J.;
Cell 131:1190-1203(2007).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-1078; TYR-1096;TYR-1278; TYR-1282; TYR-1283; TYR-1359 AND TYR-1507, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY.
"Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancercells.";
Rush J., Moritz A., Lee K.A., Guo A., Goss V.L., Spek E.J., Zhang H.,Zha X.-M., Polakiewicz R.D., Comb M.J.;
Nat. Biotechnol. 23:94-101(2005).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-1078; TYR-1092;TYR-1096; TYR-1131; TYR-1278; TYR-1282; TYR-1507; TYR-1584 ANDTYR-1604, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.

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