TWST1_HUMAN - PTM Information in dbPTM

Basic Information of Protein

• UniProt ID: TWST1_HUMAN
• UniProt AC: Q15672
• Protein Name: Twist-related protein 1
• Gene Name: TWIST1
• Organism: Homo sapiens (Human).
• Sequence Length: 202
• Subcellular Localization: Nucleus.
• Protein Description: Acts as a transcriptional regulator. Inhibits myogenesis by sequestrating E proteins, inhibiting trans-activation by MEF2, and inhibiting DNA-binding by MYOD1 through physical interaction. This interaction probably involves the basic domains of both proteins. Also represses expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFA and IL1B. Regulates cranial suture patterning and fusion. Activates transcription as a heterodimer with E proteins. Regulates gene expression differentially, depending on dimer composition. Homodimers induce expression of FGFR2 and POSTN while heterodimers repress FGFR2 and POSTN expression and induce THBS1 expression. Heterodimerization is also required for osteoblast differentiation. Represses the activity of the circadian transcriptional activator: NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer (By similarity)..
• Protein Sequence: MMQDVSSSPVSPADDSLSNSEEEPDRQQPPSGKRGGRKRRSSRRSAGGGAGPGGAAGGGVGGGDEPGSPAQGKRGKKSAGCGGGGGAGGGGGSSSGGGSPQSYEELQTQRVMANVRERQRTQSLNEAFAALRKIIPTLPSDKLSKIQTLKLAARYIDFLYQVLQSDELDSKMASCSYVAHERLSYAFSVWRMEGAWSMSASH

Overview of Protein Modification Sites with Functional and Structural Information

Experimental Post-Translational Modification Sites

* ASA = Accessible Surface Area

Locations	Modification	Substrate Peptides & Secondary Structure	ASA (%)	Reference
6	Phosphorylation	--MMQDVSSSPVSPA --CCCCCCCCCCCCC	33.13	24719451
7	Phosphorylation	-MMQDVSSSPVSPAD -CCCCCCCCCCCCCC	38.21	27732954
8	Phosphorylation	MMQDVSSSPVSPADD CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	23.09	27732954
11	Phosphorylation	DVSSSPVSPADDSLS CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	20.11	24719451
16	Phosphorylation	PVSPADDSLSNSEEE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	33.96	27732954
18	Phosphorylation	SPADDSLSNSEEEPD CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	42.11	27732954
20	Phosphorylation	ADDSLSNSEEEPDRQ CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	42.90	27732954
38	Ubiquitination	SGKRGGRKRRSSRRS CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	56.27	-
42	Phosphorylation	GGRKRRSSRRSAGGG CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	29.87	20400976
45	Phosphorylation	KRRSSRRSAGGGAGP CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	30.10	22617229
68	Phosphorylation	GGGDEPGSPAQGKRG CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	27.98	29255136
73	Acetylation	PGSPAQGKRGKKSAG CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	45.99	30593157
73	Ubiquitination	PGSPAQGKRGKKSAG CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	45.99	23503661
76	Ubiquitination	PAQGKRGKKSAGCGG CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	47.81	23503661
77	Ubiquitination	AQGKRGKKSAGCGGG CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	48.65	23503661
78	Phosphorylation	QGKRGKKSAGCGGGG CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	33.12	27732954
93	Phosphorylation	GAGGGGGSSSGGGSP CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	25.30	27732954
94	Phosphorylation	AGGGGGSSSGGGSPQ CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	35.96	27251789
95	Phosphorylation	GGGGGSSSGGGSPQS CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	43.06	27251789
99	Phosphorylation	GSSSGGGSPQSYEEL CCCCCCCCCCCHHHH	24.04	27732954
102	Phosphorylation	SGGGSPQSYEELQTQ CCCCCCCCHHHHHHH	37.58	19702290
103	Phosphorylation	GGGSPQSYEELQTQR CCCCCCCHHHHHHHH	14.26	19702290
108	Phosphorylation	QSYEELQTQRVMANV CCHHHHHHHHHHHHH	30.85	27732954
121	Phosphorylation	NVRERQRTQSLNEAF HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH	17.74	-
123	Phosphorylation	RERQRTQSLNEAFAA HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH	32.33	20400976
137	Phosphorylation	ALRKIIPTLPSDKLS HHHHHHHCCCHHHHH	40.67	-
142	Ubiquitination	IPTLPSDKLSKIQTL HHCCCHHHHHHHHHH	60.02	29967540
144	Phosphorylation	TLPSDKLSKIQTLKL CCCHHHHHHHHHHHH	33.19	25003641
145	Ubiquitination	LPSDKLSKIQTLKLA CCHHHHHHHHHHHHH	49.63	29967540

Upstream regulatory proteins (kinases for phosphorylation sites, E3 ubiquitin ligases of ubiquitination sites, ...)

Modified Location	Modified Residue	Modification	Type of Upstream Proteins	Gene Name of Upstream Proteins	UniProt AC of Upstream Proteins	Sources
18	S	Phosphorylation	Kinase	CSNK2A1	P68400	GPS
20	S	Phosphorylation	Kinase	CSNK2A1	P68400	GPS
42	S	Phosphorylation	Kinase	AKT1	P31749	PSP
68	S	Phosphorylation	Kinase	MAPK1	P28482	GPS
68	S	Phosphorylation	Kinase	MAPK3	P27361	GPS
68	S	Phosphorylation	Kinase	MAPK8	P45983	GPS
68	S	Phosphorylation	Kinase	MAPK14	Q16539	GPS
121	T	Phosphorylation	Kinase	AKT1	P31749	PSP
123	S	Phosphorylation	Kinase	AKT1	P31749	PSP
144	S	Phosphorylation	Kinase	PKCA	P17252	PSP
-	K	Ubiquitination	E3 ubiquitin ligase	BTRC	Q9Y297	PMID:24658274
-	K	Ubiquitination	E3 ubiquitin ligase	FBXL14	Q8N1E6	PMID:24658274
-	K	Ubiquitination	E3 ubiquitin ligase	SKP2	Q13309	PMID:28346424
-	K	Ubiquitination	E3 ubiquitin ligase	FBXO45	P0C2W1	PMID:25460509

Functions of PTM Sites

Oops, there are no descriptions of PTM sites of TWST1_HUMAN !!

Disease-associated PTM Sites based on SAP

* Distance = the distance between SAP position and PTM sites.

Oops, there are no SNP-PTM records of TWST1_HUMAN !!

Protein-Protein Interaction

Interacting Protein	Gene Name	Interaction Type	PPI Reference
EP300_HUMAN	EP300	physical	10025406
KAT2B_HUMAN	KAT2B	physical	10025406
TFE2_HUMAN	TCF3	physical	10749989
TWST2_HUMAN	TWIST2	physical	20714342
ESPB1_HUMAN	ELSPBP1	physical	20714342
HDAC2_HUMAN	HDAC2	physical	20714342
RBBP7_HUMAN	RBBP7	physical	20714342
MTA2_HUMAN	MTA2	physical	20714342
TFE2_HUMAN	TCF3	physical	20714342
CHD4_HUMAN	CHD4	physical	20714342
HDAC3_HUMAN	HDAC3	physical	21884981
WDR5_HUMAN	WDR5	physical	21884981
BRAP_HUMAN	BRAP	physical	21983900
TF65_HUMAN	RELA	physical	21983900
KMT5A_HUMAN	SETD8	physical	21983900
PP2AA_HUMAN	PPP2CA	physical	21983900
HES6_HUMAN	HES6	physical	21983900
P53_HUMAN	TP53	physical	18504427
KAT2B_HUMAN	KAT2B	physical	18504427
P53_HUMAN	TP53	physical	22975381
HXA5_HUMAN	HOXA5	physical	15545268
ETS2_HUMAN	ETS2	physical	18598946
BCL6_HUMAN	BCL6	physical	25402006
P53_HUMAN	TP53	physical	25402006
ITF2_HUMAN	TCF4	physical	25402006
TYY1_HUMAN	YY1	physical	25402006
NEIL3_HUMAN	NEIL3	physical	25402006
TYY2_HUMAN	YY2	physical	25402006
ZIC3_HUMAN	ZIC3	physical	25402006
FBW1A_HUMAN	BTRC	physical	26905590
PAQR3_HUMAN	PAQR3	physical	26905590
FBW1A_HUMAN	BTRC	physical	23375009
IMA6_HUMAN	KPNA5	physical	23375009
IMA8_HUMAN	KPNA7	physical	23375009
SKP2_HUMAN	SKP2	physical	28346424
U17L2_HUMAN	USP17L2	physical	29088851
HDAC6_HUMAN	HDAC6	physical	28779345
TBG1_HUMAN	TUBG1	physical	28779345
VIME_HUMAN	VIM	physical	28779345
CUL4A_HUMAN	CUL4A	physical	28779345

Drug and Disease Associations

• Kegg Disease
• There are no disease associations of PTM sites.
• OMIM Disease
• 101400: Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS)
• 180750: Robinow-Sorauf syndrome (RSS)
• 123100: Craniosynostosis 1 (CRS1)
• Kegg Drug
• There are no disease associations of PTM sites.
• DrugBank
• There are no disease associations of PTM sites.