PAK2_HUMAN - dbPTM
PAK2_HUMAN - PTM Information in dbPTM
Basic Information of Protein
UniProt ID PAK2_HUMAN
UniProt AC Q13177
Protein Name Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2
Gene Name PAK2
Organism Homo sapiens (Human).
Sequence Length 524
Subcellular Localization Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2: Cytoplasm. MYO18A mediates the cellular distribution of the PAK2-ARHGEF7-GIT1 complex to the inner surface of the cell membrane.
PAK-2p34: Nucleus. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Membrane
Lipid-anchor. In
Protein Description Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell motility, cell cycle progression, apoptosis or proliferation. Acts as downstream effector of the small GTPases CDC42 and RAC1. Activation by the binding of active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. Full-length PAK2 stimulates cell survival and cell growth. Phosphorylates MAPK4 and MAPK6 and activates the downstream target MAPKAPK5, a regulator of F-actin polymerization and cell migration. Phosphorylates JUN and plays an important role in EGF-induced cell proliferation. Phosphorylates many other substrates including histone H4 to promote assembly of H3.3 and H4 into nucleosomes, BAD, ribosomal protein S6, or MBP. Additionally, associates with ARHGEF7 and GIT1 to perform kinase-independent functions such as spindle orientation control during mitosis. On the other hand, apoptotic stimuli such as DNA damage lead to caspase-mediated cleavage of PAK2, generating PAK-2p34, an active p34 fragment that translocates to the nucleus and promotes cellular apoptosis involving the JNK signaling pathway. Caspase-activated PAK2 phosphorylates MKNK1 and reduces cellular translation..
Protein Sequence MSDNGELEDKPPAPPVRMSSTIFSTGGKDPLSANHSLKPLPSVPEEKKPRHKIISIFSGTEKGSKKKEKERPEISPPSDFEHTIHVGFDAVTGEFTGMPEQWARLLQTSNITKLEQKKNPQAVLDVLKFYDSNTVKQKYLSFTPPEKDGFPSGTPALNAKGTEAPAVVTEEEDDDEETAPPVIAPRPDHTKSIYTRSVIDPVPAPVGDSHVDGAAKSLDKQKKKTKMTDEEIMEKLRTIVSIGDPKKKYTRYEKIGQGASGTVFTATDVALGQEVAIKQINLQKQPKKELIINEILVMKELKNPNIVNFLDSYLVGDELFVVMEYLAGGSLTDVVTETCMDEAQIAAVCRECLQALEFLHANQVIHRDIKSDNVLLGMEGSVKLTDFGFCAQITPEQSKRSTMVGTPYWMAPEVVTRKAYGPKVDIWSLGIMAIEMVEGEPPYLNENPLRALYLIATNGTPELQNPEKLSPIFRDFLNRCLEMDVEKRGSAKELLQHPFLKLAKPLSSLTPLIMAAKEAMKSNR
Overview of Protein Modification Sites with Functional and Structural Information
Experimental Post-Translational Modification Sites

* ASA = Accessible Surface Area

Locations Modification Substrate Peptides
&
Secondary Structure
ASA (%) Reference Orthologous
Protein Cluster
2Acetylation------MSDNGELED
------CCCCCCCCC
39.5220068231
2Phosphorylation------MSDNGELED
------CCCCCCCCC
39.5229255136
18SulfoxidationPPAPPVRMSSTIFST
CCCCCCEEECEEEEC
3.6521406390
19PhosphorylationPAPPVRMSSTIFSTG
CCCCCEEECEEEECC
17.4822322096
20PhosphorylationAPPVRMSSTIFSTGG
CCCCEEECEEEECCC
19.0427273156
21PhosphorylationPPVRMSSTIFSTGGK
CCCEEECEEEECCCC
20.8027273156
24PhosphorylationRMSSTIFSTGGKDPL
EEECEEEECCCCCCC
23.4529514088
25PhosphorylationMSSTIFSTGGKDPLS
EECEEEECCCCCCCC
38.9222322096
28AcetylationTIFSTGGKDPLSANH
EEEECCCCCCCCCCC
58.4823749302
28UbiquitinationTIFSTGGKDPLSANH
EEEECCCCCCCCCCC
58.48-
32PhosphorylationTGGKDPLSANHSLKP
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
32.2022322096
36PhosphorylationDPLSANHSLKPLPSV
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
37.5823401153
38AcetylationLSANHSLKPLPSVPE
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
47.7423954790
38MalonylationLSANHSLKPLPSVPE
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
47.7432601280
38UbiquitinationLSANHSLKPLPSVPE
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
47.7419608861
42PhosphorylationHSLKPLPSVPEEKKP
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
58.9722322096
52AcetylationEEKKPRHKIISIFSG
CCCCCCCEEEECCCC
42.9125953088
52MalonylationEEKKPRHKIISIFSG
CCCCCCCEEEECCCC
42.9126320211
52UbiquitinationEEKKPRHKIISIFSG
CCCCCCCEEEECCCC
42.91-
55PhosphorylationKPRHKIISIFSGTEK
CCCCEEEECCCCCCC
22.5130266825
58PhosphorylationHKIISIFSGTEKGSK
CEEEECCCCCCCCCC
43.0429255136
60PhosphorylationIISIFSGTEKGSKKK
EEECCCCCCCCCCCC
33.0729255136
62AcetylationSIFSGTEKGSKKKEK
ECCCCCCCCCCCCCC
69.2123954790
62MalonylationSIFSGTEKGSKKKEK
ECCCCCCCCCCCCCC
69.2132601280
62UbiquitinationSIFSGTEKGSKKKEK
ECCCCCCCCCCCCCC
69.21-
64PhosphorylationFSGTEKGSKKKEKER
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
52.9823401153
65UbiquitinationSGTEKGSKKKEKERP
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
76.24-
75PhosphorylationEKERPEISPPSDFEH
CCCCCCCCCCCHHCC
29.1528464451
78PhosphorylationRPEISPPSDFEHTIH
CCCCCCCCHHCCEEE
59.3128464451
83PhosphorylationPPSDFEHTIHVGFDA
CCCHHCCEEEEEEEC
12.9425159151
92PhosphorylationHVGFDAVTGEFTGMP
EEEEECCCCCCCCCH
32.4928464451
96PhosphorylationDAVTGEFTGMPEQWA
ECCCCCCCCCHHHHH
28.4128634298
108PhosphorylationQWARLLQTSNITKLE
HHHHHHHHCCHHHHH
24.5828857561
109PhosphorylationWARLLQTSNITKLEQ
HHHHHHHCCHHHHHH
17.1828857561
112PhosphorylationLLQTSNITKLEQKKN
HHHHCCHHHHHHCCC
33.5520068231
113UbiquitinationLQTSNITKLEQKKNP
HHHCCHHHHHHCCCH
46.3521890473
117MalonylationNITKLEQKKNPQAVL
CHHHHHHCCCHHHHH
45.1832601280
117UbiquitinationNITKLEQKKNPQAVL
CHHHHHHCCCHHHHH
45.18-
118UbiquitinationITKLEQKKNPQAVLD
HHHHHHCCCHHHHHH
73.82-
128AcetylationQAVLDVLKFYDSNTV
HHHHHHHHHCCCCCC
41.5519608861
128UbiquitinationQAVLDVLKFYDSNTV
HHHHHHHHHCCCCCC
41.5519608861
130PhosphorylationVLDVLKFYDSNTVKQ
HHHHHHHCCCCCCEE
19.5125159151
132PhosphorylationDVLKFYDSNTVKQKY
HHHHHCCCCCCEEEE
24.0323401153
134PhosphorylationLKFYDSNTVKQKYLS
HHHCCCCCCEEEEEC
32.7930266825
136UbiquitinationFYDSNTVKQKYLSFT
HCCCCCCEEEEECCC
38.75-
138UbiquitinationDSNTVKQKYLSFTPP
CCCCCEEEEECCCCC
42.30-
139PhosphorylationSNTVKQKYLSFTPPE
CCCCEEEEECCCCCC
12.7022167270
141PhosphorylationTVKQKYLSFTPPEKD
CCEEEEECCCCCCCC
24.8019664994
143PhosphorylationKQKYLSFTPPEKDGF
EEEEECCCCCCCCCC
34.2622167270
147AcetylationLSFTPPEKDGFPSGT
ECCCCCCCCCCCCCC
69.7725953088
147UbiquitinationLSFTPPEKDGFPSGT
ECCCCCCCCCCCCCC
69.77-
152PhosphorylationPEKDGFPSGTPALNA
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
53.7019664994
154PhosphorylationKDGFPSGTPALNAKG
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
15.1030266825
162PhosphorylationPALNAKGTEAPAVVT
CCCCCCCCCCCEEEE
28.4130278072
169O-linked_GlycosylationTEAPAVVTEEEDDDE
CCCCEEEECCCCCCC
30.9528510447
169PhosphorylationTEAPAVVTEEEDDDE
CCCCEEEECCCCCCC
30.9529255136
178O-linked_GlycosylationEEDDDEETAPPVIAP
CCCCCCCCCCCEECC
42.2828510447
178PhosphorylationEEDDDEETAPPVIAP
CCCCCCCCCCCEECC
42.2830278072
190PhosphorylationIAPRPDHTKSIYTRS
ECCCCCCCCCCEECC
33.5923401153
191AcetylationAPRPDHTKSIYTRSV
CCCCCCCCCCEECCC
31.2826051181
191UbiquitinationAPRPDHTKSIYTRSV
CCCCCCCCCCEECCC
31.28-
192PhosphorylationPRPDHTKSIYTRSVI
CCCCCCCCCEECCCC
23.2225159151
194PhosphorylationPDHTKSIYTRSVIDP
CCCCCCCEECCCCCC
11.8223403867
195PhosphorylationDHTKSIYTRSVIDPV
CCCCCCEECCCCCCC
18.1325159151
197PhosphorylationTKSIYTRSVIDPVPA
CCCCEECCCCCCCCC
18.6729255136
209PhosphorylationVPAPVGDSHVDGAAK
CCCCCCCCCHHHHHH
21.3423403867
213N-myristoyl glycineVGDSHVDGAAKSLDK
CCCCCHHHHHHHHHH
26.75-
213MyristoylationVGDSHVDGAAKSLDK
CCCCCHHHHHHHHHH
26.7516617111
216AcetylationSHVDGAAKSLDKQKK
CCHHHHHHHHHHHHH
51.5225953088
216UbiquitinationSHVDGAAKSLDKQKK
CCHHHHHHHHHHHHH
51.52-
217PhosphorylationHVDGAAKSLDKQKKK
CHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
36.7528464451
226AcetylationDKQKKKTKMTDEEIM
HHHHHHCCCCHHHHH
49.0025953088
226UbiquitinationDKQKKKTKMTDEEIM
HHHHHHCCCCHHHHH
49.00-
228PhosphorylationQKKKTKMTDEEIMEK
HHHHCCCCHHHHHHH
41.64-
235AcetylationTDEEIMEKLRTIVSI
CHHHHHHHHHHHHCC
26.3726822725
235UbiquitinationTDEEIMEKLRTIVSI
CHHHHHHHHHHHHCC
26.37-
238PhosphorylationEIMEKLRTIVSIGDP
HHHHHHHHHHCCCCC
35.8529514088
241PhosphorylationEKLRTIVSIGDPKKK
HHHHHHHCCCCCCCC
19.6029514088
254UbiquitinationKKYTRYEKIGQGASG
CCEECEEECCCCCCC
43.11-
278UbiquitinationLGQEVAIKQINLQKQ
CCHHEEEHHCCCCCC
35.07-
284AcetylationIKQINLQKQPKKELI
EHHCCCCCCCCHHHE
72.2725953088
284UbiquitinationIKQINLQKQPKKELI
EHHCCCCCCCCHHHE
72.27-
299UbiquitinationINEILVMKELKNPNI
EEEHHHHHHCCCCCH
53.03-
302UbiquitinationILVMKELKNPNIVNF
HHHHHHCCCCCHHHH
72.02-
370UbiquitinationQVIHRDIKSDNVLLG
CCEECCCCCCCEEEC
56.9221906983
371UbiquitinationVIHRDIKSDNVLLGM
CEECCCCCCCEEECC
34.4521890473
378SulfoxidationSDNVLLGMEGSVKLT
CCCEEECCCCEEEEE
5.4921406390
381PhosphorylationVLLGMEGSVKLTDFG
EEECCCCEEEEECCC
11.6327067055
394PhosphorylationFGFCAQITPEQSKRS
CCEEEECCHHHHCCC
14.5325159151
398PhosphorylationAQITPEQSKRSTMVG
EECCHHHHCCCCCCC
28.5128787133
399AcetylationQITPEQSKRSTMVGT
ECCHHHHCCCCCCCC
50.4924179729
399UbiquitinationQITPEQSKRSTMVGT
ECCHHHHCCCCCCCC
50.4921906983
400UbiquitinationITPEQSKRSTMVGTP
CCHHHHCCCCCCCCC
42.4821890473
401PhosphorylationTPEQSKRSTMVGTPY
CHHHHCCCCCCCCCC
25.2927461979
402PhosphorylationPEQSKRSTMVGTPYW
HHHHCCCCCCCCCCC
21.6522153498
406PhosphorylationKRSTMVGTPYWMAPE
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCH
11.2023401153
408PhosphorylationSTMVGTPYWMAPEVV
CCCCCCCCCCCCHHH
13.9823401153
416PhosphorylationWMAPEVVTRKAYGPK
CCCCHHHCCCCCCCC
31.4623401153
443PhosphorylationMVEGEPPYLNENPLR
ECCCCCCCCCCCHHH
32.64-
453PhosphorylationENPLRALYLIATNGT
CCHHHHHHHHHCCCC
8.6228152594
457PhosphorylationRALYLIATNGTPELQ
HHHHHHHCCCCHHHC
27.4728152594
460PhosphorylationYLIATNGTPELQNPE
HHHHCCCCHHHCCHH
18.6922817901
468AcetylationPELQNPEKLSPIFRD
HHHCCHHHCCHHHHH
56.3625953088
468UbiquitinationPELQNPEKLSPIFRD
HHHCCHHHCCHHHHH
56.3621906983
469UbiquitinationELQNPEKLSPIFRDF
HHCCHHHCCHHHHHH
7.5921890473
487UbiquitinationCLEMDVEKRGSAKEL
HHHCCHHHCCCHHHH
63.00-
490PhosphorylationMDVEKRGSAKELLQH
CCHHHCCCHHHHHCC
39.9524719451
492AcetylationVEKRGSAKELLQHPF
HHHCCCHHHHHCCHH
51.0611921293
492UbiquitinationVEKRGSAKELLQHPF
HHHCCCHHHHHCCHH
51.062190698
493UbiquitinationEKRGSAKELLQHPFL
HHCCCHHHHHCCHHH
55.2021890473
501AcetylationLLQHPFLKLAKPLSS
HHCCHHHHHHHCHHH
46.9419608861
501UbiquitinationLLQHPFLKLAKPLSS
HHCCHHHHHHHCHHH
46.9419608861
502UbiquitinationLQHPFLKLAKPLSSL
HCCHHHHHHHCHHHH
8.8921890473
504UbiquitinationHPFLKLAKPLSSLTP
CHHHHHHHCHHHHHH
57.85-
507PhosphorylationLKLAKPLSSLTPLIM
HHHHHCHHHHHHHHH
31.6520068231
508PhosphorylationKLAKPLSSLTPLIMA
HHHHCHHHHHHHHHH
43.9028102081
510PhosphorylationAKPLSSLTPLIMAAK
HHCHHHHHHHHHHHH
20.2820068231
517UbiquitinationTPLIMAAKEAMKSNR
HHHHHHHHHHHHHCC
36.15-
522PhosphorylationAAKEAMKSNR-----
HHHHHHHHCC-----
25.4220068231

Upstream regulatory proteins (kinases for phosphorylation sites, E3 ubiquitin ligases of ubiquitination sites, ...)
Modified Location Modified Residue Modification Type of Upstream Proteins Gene Name of Upstream Proteins UniProt AC of Upstream Proteins Sources
20SPhosphorylationKinasePRKAA2P54646
GPS
130YPhosphorylationKinaseSRCP12931
GPS
130YPhosphorylationKinaseSRC64-PhosphoELM
134TPhosphorylationKinaseCDK12Q9NYV4
PSP
141SPhosphorylationKinasePAK2Q13177
PSP
169TPhosphorylationKinaseCDK12Q9NYV4
PSP
192SPhosphorylationKinasePAK2Q13177
PSP
197SPhosphorylationKinasePAK2Q13177
PSP
402TPhosphorylationKinasePAK2Q13177
PSP

Functions of PTM Sites
Modified Location Modified Residue Modification Function Reference
402TPhosphorylation

9786869

Disease-associated PTM Sites based on SAP

* Distance = the distance between SAP position and PTM sites.

Modified Location Modification Variant Position
(Distance <= 10)
Residue Change SAP Related Disease Reference

Oops, there are no SNP-PTM records of PAK2_HUMAN !!

Protein-Protein Interaction
Interacting Protein Gene Name Interaction Type PPI Reference Domain-Domain Interactions
GIT1_HUMANGIT1physical
17353931
GIT2_HUMANGIT2physical
17353931
MYH10_HUMANMYH10physical
17353931
MCM3_HUMANMCM3physical
17353931
CDC42_HUMANCDC42physical
10320322
MLRV_HUMANMYL2physical
10047984
DOCK2_HUMANDOCK2physical
12176041
RAC2_HUMANRAC2physical
12176041
ABL1_HUMANABL1physical
11121037
DYST_HUMANDSTphysical
20936779
EP300_HUMANEP300physical
20936779
RAC1_HUMANRAC1physical
20696164
CDC42_HUMANCDC42physical
20696164
HCK_HUMANHCKphysical
16374509
LCK_HUMANLCKphysical
16374509
SRC_HUMANSRCphysical
16374509
SH3R3_HUMANSH3RF3physical
16374509
VINEX_HUMANSORBS3physical
16374509
ARHG7_HUMANARHGEF7physical
16374509
A4_HUMANAPPphysical
21832049
MYC_HUMANMYCphysical
14749374
PAK2_HUMANPAK2physical
7673144
RIOK3_HUMANRIOK3physical
21988832
G6PD_HUMANG6PDphysical
22863883
PSA_HUMANNPEPPSphysical
22863883
PUR4_HUMANPFASphysical
22863883
1433S_HUMANSFNphysical
22863883
TGM2_HUMANTGM2physical
22863883
UB2R2_HUMANUBE2R2physical
22863883
UBFD1_HUMANUBFD1physical
22863883
1433E_HUMANYWHAEphysical
22863883
1433G_HUMANYWHAGphysical
22863883
ANCHR_HUMANZFYVE19physical
22863883
VINEX_HUMANSORBS3physical
25416956
RHOJ_HUMANRHOJphysical
25416956
GDIA_HUMANGDI1physical
26344197
MYO6_HUMANMYO6physical
26344197
PDIA3_HUMANPDIA3physical
26344197
STAT1_HUMANSTAT1physical
26344197
SKP1_HUMANSKP1physical
26496610
ARHG7_HUMANARHGEF7physical
26496610
GIT2_HUMANGIT2physical
26496610
FBX28_HUMANFBXO28physical
26496610
GIT1_HUMANGIT1physical
26496610

Drug and Disease Associations
Kegg Disease
There are no disease associations of PTM sites.
OMIM Disease
There are no disease associations of PTM sites.
Kegg Drug
There are no disease associations of PTM sites.
DrugBank
There are no disease associations of PTM sites.
Regulatory Network of PAK2_HUMAN

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Related Literatures of Post-Translational Modification
Acetylation
ReferencePubMed
"Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates majorcellular functions.";
Choudhary C., Kumar C., Gnad F., Nielsen M.L., Rehman M., Walther T.,Olsen J.V., Mann M.;
Science 325:834-840(2009).
Cited for: ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-38 AND LYS-128, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY.
Myristoylation
ReferencePubMed
"Posttranslational myristoylation of caspase-activated p21-activatedprotein kinase 2 (PAK2) potentiates late apoptotic events.";
Vilas G.L., Corvi M.M., Plummer G.J., Seime A.M., Lambkin G.R.,Berthiaume L.G.;
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103:6542-6547(2006).
Cited for: FUNCTION (PAK-2P34), MYRISTOYLATION AT GLY-213 (PAK-2P34), ANDSUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
Phosphorylation
ReferencePubMed
"Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signalingreveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.";
Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K.,Rodionov V., Han D.K.;
Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-55; SER-141; THR-143 ANDSER-197, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
"Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome ina refined SCX-based approach.";
Gauci S., Helbig A.O., Slijper M., Krijgsveld J., Heck A.J.,Mohammed S.;
Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-58 AND SER-141, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY.
"A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.";
Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E.,Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P.;
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-58; SER-141 AND THR-169,AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
"A probability-based approach for high-throughput proteinphosphorylation analysis and site localization.";
Beausoleil S.A., Villen J., Gerber S.A., Rush J., Gygi S.P.;
Nat. Biotechnol. 24:1285-1292(2006).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-141, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY.
"Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics insignaling networks.";
Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P.,Mann M.;
Cell 127:635-648(2006).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2; SER-141 AND THR-143,AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
"Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets.";
Zahedi R.P., Lewandrowski U., Wiesner J., Wortelkamp S., Moebius J.,Schuetz C., Walter U., Gambaryan S., Sickmann A.;
J. Proteome Res. 7:526-534(2008).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-60, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY.

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