UniProt ID | PAK2_HUMAN | |
---|---|---|
UniProt AC | Q13177 | |
Protein Name | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2 | |
Gene Name | PAK2 | |
Organism | Homo sapiens (Human). | |
Sequence Length | 524 | |
Subcellular Localization |
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2: Cytoplasm. MYO18A mediates the cellular distribution of the PAK2-ARHGEF7-GIT1 complex to the inner surface of the cell membrane. PAK-2p34: Nucleus. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Membrane Lipid-anchor. In |
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Protein Description | Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell motility, cell cycle progression, apoptosis or proliferation. Acts as downstream effector of the small GTPases CDC42 and RAC1. Activation by the binding of active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. Full-length PAK2 stimulates cell survival and cell growth. Phosphorylates MAPK4 and MAPK6 and activates the downstream target MAPKAPK5, a regulator of F-actin polymerization and cell migration. Phosphorylates JUN and plays an important role in EGF-induced cell proliferation. Phosphorylates many other substrates including histone H4 to promote assembly of H3.3 and H4 into nucleosomes, BAD, ribosomal protein S6, or MBP. Additionally, associates with ARHGEF7 and GIT1 to perform kinase-independent functions such as spindle orientation control during mitosis. On the other hand, apoptotic stimuli such as DNA damage lead to caspase-mediated cleavage of PAK2, generating PAK-2p34, an active p34 fragment that translocates to the nucleus and promotes cellular apoptosis involving the JNK signaling pathway. Caspase-activated PAK2 phosphorylates MKNK1 and reduces cellular translation.. | |
Protein Sequence | MSDNGELEDKPPAPPVRMSSTIFSTGGKDPLSANHSLKPLPSVPEEKKPRHKIISIFSGTEKGSKKKEKERPEISPPSDFEHTIHVGFDAVTGEFTGMPEQWARLLQTSNITKLEQKKNPQAVLDVLKFYDSNTVKQKYLSFTPPEKDGFPSGTPALNAKGTEAPAVVTEEEDDDEETAPPVIAPRPDHTKSIYTRSVIDPVPAPVGDSHVDGAAKSLDKQKKKTKMTDEEIMEKLRTIVSIGDPKKKYTRYEKIGQGASGTVFTATDVALGQEVAIKQINLQKQPKKELIINEILVMKELKNPNIVNFLDSYLVGDELFVVMEYLAGGSLTDVVTETCMDEAQIAAVCRECLQALEFLHANQVIHRDIKSDNVLLGMEGSVKLTDFGFCAQITPEQSKRSTMVGTPYWMAPEVVTRKAYGPKVDIWSLGIMAIEMVEGEPPYLNENPLRALYLIATNGTPELQNPEKLSPIFRDFLNRCLEMDVEKRGSAKELLQHPFLKLAKPLSSLTPLIMAAKEAMKSNR | |
Overview of Protein Modification Sites with Functional and Structural Information | ||
* ASA = Accessible Surface Area
Locations | Modification | Substrate Peptides & Secondary Structure |
ASA (%) | Reference | Orthologous Protein Cluster |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | Acetylation | ------MSDNGELED ------CCCCCCCCC | 39.52 | 20068231 | |
2 | Phosphorylation | ------MSDNGELED ------CCCCCCCCC | 39.52 | 29255136 | |
18 | Sulfoxidation | PPAPPVRMSSTIFST CCCCCCEEECEEEEC | 3.65 | 21406390 | |
19 | Phosphorylation | PAPPVRMSSTIFSTG CCCCCEEECEEEECC | 17.48 | 22322096 | |
20 | Phosphorylation | APPVRMSSTIFSTGG CCCCEEECEEEECCC | 19.04 | 27273156 | |
21 | Phosphorylation | PPVRMSSTIFSTGGK CCCEEECEEEECCCC | 20.80 | 27273156 | |
24 | Phosphorylation | RMSSTIFSTGGKDPL EEECEEEECCCCCCC | 23.45 | 29514088 | |
25 | Phosphorylation | MSSTIFSTGGKDPLS EECEEEECCCCCCCC | 38.92 | 22322096 | |
28 | Acetylation | TIFSTGGKDPLSANH EEEECCCCCCCCCCC | 58.48 | 23749302 | |
28 | Ubiquitination | TIFSTGGKDPLSANH EEEECCCCCCCCCCC | 58.48 | - | |
32 | Phosphorylation | TGGKDPLSANHSLKP CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 32.20 | 22322096 | |
36 | Phosphorylation | DPLSANHSLKPLPSV CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 37.58 | 23401153 | |
38 | Acetylation | LSANHSLKPLPSVPE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 47.74 | 23954790 | |
38 | Malonylation | LSANHSLKPLPSVPE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 47.74 | 32601280 | |
38 | Ubiquitination | LSANHSLKPLPSVPE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 47.74 | 19608861 | |
42 | Phosphorylation | HSLKPLPSVPEEKKP CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 58.97 | 22322096 | |
52 | Acetylation | EEKKPRHKIISIFSG CCCCCCCEEEECCCC | 42.91 | 25953088 | |
52 | Malonylation | EEKKPRHKIISIFSG CCCCCCCEEEECCCC | 42.91 | 26320211 | |
52 | Ubiquitination | EEKKPRHKIISIFSG CCCCCCCEEEECCCC | 42.91 | - | |
55 | Phosphorylation | KPRHKIISIFSGTEK CCCCEEEECCCCCCC | 22.51 | 30266825 | |
58 | Phosphorylation | HKIISIFSGTEKGSK CEEEECCCCCCCCCC | 43.04 | 29255136 | |
60 | Phosphorylation | IISIFSGTEKGSKKK EEECCCCCCCCCCCC | 33.07 | 29255136 | |
62 | Acetylation | SIFSGTEKGSKKKEK ECCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 69.21 | 23954790 | |
62 | Malonylation | SIFSGTEKGSKKKEK ECCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 69.21 | 32601280 | |
62 | Ubiquitination | SIFSGTEKGSKKKEK ECCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 69.21 | - | |
64 | Phosphorylation | FSGTEKGSKKKEKER CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 52.98 | 23401153 | |
65 | Ubiquitination | SGTEKGSKKKEKERP CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 76.24 | - | |
75 | Phosphorylation | EKERPEISPPSDFEH CCCCCCCCCCCHHCC | 29.15 | 28464451 | |
78 | Phosphorylation | RPEISPPSDFEHTIH CCCCCCCCHHCCEEE | 59.31 | 28464451 | |
83 | Phosphorylation | PPSDFEHTIHVGFDA CCCHHCCEEEEEEEC | 12.94 | 25159151 | |
92 | Phosphorylation | HVGFDAVTGEFTGMP EEEEECCCCCCCCCH | 32.49 | 28464451 | |
96 | Phosphorylation | DAVTGEFTGMPEQWA ECCCCCCCCCHHHHH | 28.41 | 28634298 | |
108 | Phosphorylation | QWARLLQTSNITKLE HHHHHHHHCCHHHHH | 24.58 | 28857561 | |
109 | Phosphorylation | WARLLQTSNITKLEQ HHHHHHHCCHHHHHH | 17.18 | 28857561 | |
112 | Phosphorylation | LLQTSNITKLEQKKN HHHHCCHHHHHHCCC | 33.55 | 20068231 | |
113 | Ubiquitination | LQTSNITKLEQKKNP HHHCCHHHHHHCCCH | 46.35 | 21890473 | |
117 | Malonylation | NITKLEQKKNPQAVL CHHHHHHCCCHHHHH | 45.18 | 32601280 | |
117 | Ubiquitination | NITKLEQKKNPQAVL CHHHHHHCCCHHHHH | 45.18 | - | |
118 | Ubiquitination | ITKLEQKKNPQAVLD HHHHHHCCCHHHHHH | 73.82 | - | |
128 | Acetylation | QAVLDVLKFYDSNTV HHHHHHHHHCCCCCC | 41.55 | 19608861 | |
128 | Ubiquitination | QAVLDVLKFYDSNTV HHHHHHHHHCCCCCC | 41.55 | 19608861 | |
130 | Phosphorylation | VLDVLKFYDSNTVKQ HHHHHHHCCCCCCEE | 19.51 | 25159151 | |
132 | Phosphorylation | DVLKFYDSNTVKQKY HHHHHCCCCCCEEEE | 24.03 | 23401153 | |
134 | Phosphorylation | LKFYDSNTVKQKYLS HHHCCCCCCEEEEEC | 32.79 | 30266825 | |
136 | Ubiquitination | FYDSNTVKQKYLSFT HCCCCCCEEEEECCC | 38.75 | - | |
138 | Ubiquitination | DSNTVKQKYLSFTPP CCCCCEEEEECCCCC | 42.30 | - | |
139 | Phosphorylation | SNTVKQKYLSFTPPE CCCCEEEEECCCCCC | 12.70 | 22167270 | |
141 | Phosphorylation | TVKQKYLSFTPPEKD CCEEEEECCCCCCCC | 24.80 | 19664994 | |
143 | Phosphorylation | KQKYLSFTPPEKDGF EEEEECCCCCCCCCC | 34.26 | 22167270 | |
147 | Acetylation | LSFTPPEKDGFPSGT ECCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 69.77 | 25953088 | |
147 | Ubiquitination | LSFTPPEKDGFPSGT ECCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 69.77 | - | |
152 | Phosphorylation | PEKDGFPSGTPALNA CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 53.70 | 19664994 | |
154 | Phosphorylation | KDGFPSGTPALNAKG CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 15.10 | 30266825 | |
162 | Phosphorylation | PALNAKGTEAPAVVT CCCCCCCCCCCEEEE | 28.41 | 30278072 | |
169 | O-linked_Glycosylation | TEAPAVVTEEEDDDE CCCCEEEECCCCCCC | 30.95 | 28510447 | |
169 | Phosphorylation | TEAPAVVTEEEDDDE CCCCEEEECCCCCCC | 30.95 | 29255136 | |
178 | O-linked_Glycosylation | EEDDDEETAPPVIAP CCCCCCCCCCCEECC | 42.28 | 28510447 | |
178 | Phosphorylation | EEDDDEETAPPVIAP CCCCCCCCCCCEECC | 42.28 | 30278072 | |
190 | Phosphorylation | IAPRPDHTKSIYTRS ECCCCCCCCCCEECC | 33.59 | 23401153 | |
191 | Acetylation | APRPDHTKSIYTRSV CCCCCCCCCCEECCC | 31.28 | 26051181 | |
191 | Ubiquitination | APRPDHTKSIYTRSV CCCCCCCCCCEECCC | 31.28 | - | |
192 | Phosphorylation | PRPDHTKSIYTRSVI CCCCCCCCCEECCCC | 23.22 | 25159151 | |
194 | Phosphorylation | PDHTKSIYTRSVIDP CCCCCCCEECCCCCC | 11.82 | 23403867 | |
195 | Phosphorylation | DHTKSIYTRSVIDPV CCCCCCEECCCCCCC | 18.13 | 25159151 | |
197 | Phosphorylation | TKSIYTRSVIDPVPA CCCCEECCCCCCCCC | 18.67 | 29255136 | |
209 | Phosphorylation | VPAPVGDSHVDGAAK CCCCCCCCCHHHHHH | 21.34 | 23403867 | |
213 | N-myristoyl glycine | VGDSHVDGAAKSLDK CCCCCHHHHHHHHHH | 26.75 | - | |
213 | Myristoylation | VGDSHVDGAAKSLDK CCCCCHHHHHHHHHH | 26.75 | 16617111 | |
216 | Acetylation | SHVDGAAKSLDKQKK CCHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 51.52 | 25953088 | |
216 | Ubiquitination | SHVDGAAKSLDKQKK CCHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 51.52 | - | |
217 | Phosphorylation | HVDGAAKSLDKQKKK CHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 36.75 | 28464451 | |
226 | Acetylation | DKQKKKTKMTDEEIM HHHHHHCCCCHHHHH | 49.00 | 25953088 | |
226 | Ubiquitination | DKQKKKTKMTDEEIM HHHHHHCCCCHHHHH | 49.00 | - | |
228 | Phosphorylation | QKKKTKMTDEEIMEK HHHHCCCCHHHHHHH | 41.64 | - | |
235 | Acetylation | TDEEIMEKLRTIVSI CHHHHHHHHHHHHCC | 26.37 | 26822725 | |
235 | Ubiquitination | TDEEIMEKLRTIVSI CHHHHHHHHHHHHCC | 26.37 | - | |
238 | Phosphorylation | EIMEKLRTIVSIGDP HHHHHHHHHHCCCCC | 35.85 | 29514088 | |
241 | Phosphorylation | EKLRTIVSIGDPKKK HHHHHHHCCCCCCCC | 19.60 | 29514088 | |
254 | Ubiquitination | KKYTRYEKIGQGASG CCEECEEECCCCCCC | 43.11 | - | |
278 | Ubiquitination | LGQEVAIKQINLQKQ CCHHEEEHHCCCCCC | 35.07 | - | |
284 | Acetylation | IKQINLQKQPKKELI EHHCCCCCCCCHHHE | 72.27 | 25953088 | |
284 | Ubiquitination | IKQINLQKQPKKELI EHHCCCCCCCCHHHE | 72.27 | - | |
299 | Ubiquitination | INEILVMKELKNPNI EEEHHHHHHCCCCCH | 53.03 | - | |
302 | Ubiquitination | ILVMKELKNPNIVNF HHHHHHCCCCCHHHH | 72.02 | - | |
370 | Ubiquitination | QVIHRDIKSDNVLLG CCEECCCCCCCEEEC | 56.92 | 21906983 | |
371 | Ubiquitination | VIHRDIKSDNVLLGM CEECCCCCCCEEECC | 34.45 | 21890473 | |
378 | Sulfoxidation | SDNVLLGMEGSVKLT CCCEEECCCCEEEEE | 5.49 | 21406390 | |
381 | Phosphorylation | VLLGMEGSVKLTDFG EEECCCCEEEEECCC | 11.63 | 27067055 | |
394 | Phosphorylation | FGFCAQITPEQSKRS CCEEEECCHHHHCCC | 14.53 | 25159151 | |
398 | Phosphorylation | AQITPEQSKRSTMVG EECCHHHHCCCCCCC | 28.51 | 28787133 | |
399 | Acetylation | QITPEQSKRSTMVGT ECCHHHHCCCCCCCC | 50.49 | 24179729 | |
399 | Ubiquitination | QITPEQSKRSTMVGT ECCHHHHCCCCCCCC | 50.49 | 21906983 | |
400 | Ubiquitination | ITPEQSKRSTMVGTP CCHHHHCCCCCCCCC | 42.48 | 21890473 | |
401 | Phosphorylation | TPEQSKRSTMVGTPY CHHHHCCCCCCCCCC | 25.29 | 27461979 | |
402 | Phosphorylation | PEQSKRSTMVGTPYW HHHHCCCCCCCCCCC | 21.65 | 22153498 | |
406 | Phosphorylation | KRSTMVGTPYWMAPE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCH | 11.20 | 23401153 | |
408 | Phosphorylation | STMVGTPYWMAPEVV CCCCCCCCCCCCHHH | 13.98 | 23401153 | |
416 | Phosphorylation | WMAPEVVTRKAYGPK CCCCHHHCCCCCCCC | 31.46 | 23401153 | |
443 | Phosphorylation | MVEGEPPYLNENPLR ECCCCCCCCCCCHHH | 32.64 | - | |
453 | Phosphorylation | ENPLRALYLIATNGT CCHHHHHHHHHCCCC | 8.62 | 28152594 | |
457 | Phosphorylation | RALYLIATNGTPELQ HHHHHHHCCCCHHHC | 27.47 | 28152594 | |
460 | Phosphorylation | YLIATNGTPELQNPE HHHHCCCCHHHCCHH | 18.69 | 22817901 | |
468 | Acetylation | PELQNPEKLSPIFRD HHHCCHHHCCHHHHH | 56.36 | 25953088 | |
468 | Ubiquitination | PELQNPEKLSPIFRD HHHCCHHHCCHHHHH | 56.36 | 21906983 | |
469 | Ubiquitination | ELQNPEKLSPIFRDF HHCCHHHCCHHHHHH | 7.59 | 21890473 | |
487 | Ubiquitination | CLEMDVEKRGSAKEL HHHCCHHHCCCHHHH | 63.00 | - | |
490 | Phosphorylation | MDVEKRGSAKELLQH CCHHHCCCHHHHHCC | 39.95 | 24719451 | |
492 | Acetylation | VEKRGSAKELLQHPF HHHCCCHHHHHCCHH | 51.06 | 11921293 | |
492 | Ubiquitination | VEKRGSAKELLQHPF HHHCCCHHHHHCCHH | 51.06 | 2190698 | |
493 | Ubiquitination | EKRGSAKELLQHPFL HHCCCHHHHHCCHHH | 55.20 | 21890473 | |
501 | Acetylation | LLQHPFLKLAKPLSS HHCCHHHHHHHCHHH | 46.94 | 19608861 | |
501 | Ubiquitination | LLQHPFLKLAKPLSS HHCCHHHHHHHCHHH | 46.94 | 19608861 | |
502 | Ubiquitination | LQHPFLKLAKPLSSL HCCHHHHHHHCHHHH | 8.89 | 21890473 | |
504 | Ubiquitination | HPFLKLAKPLSSLTP CHHHHHHHCHHHHHH | 57.85 | - | |
507 | Phosphorylation | LKLAKPLSSLTPLIM HHHHHCHHHHHHHHH | 31.65 | 20068231 | |
508 | Phosphorylation | KLAKPLSSLTPLIMA HHHHCHHHHHHHHHH | 43.90 | 28102081 | |
510 | Phosphorylation | AKPLSSLTPLIMAAK HHCHHHHHHHHHHHH | 20.28 | 20068231 | |
517 | Ubiquitination | TPLIMAAKEAMKSNR HHHHHHHHHHHHHCC | 36.15 | - | |
522 | Phosphorylation | AAKEAMKSNR----- HHHHHHHHCC----- | 25.42 | 20068231 |
Modified Location | Modified Residue | Modification | Type of Upstream Proteins | Gene Name of Upstream Proteins | UniProt AC of Upstream Proteins | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 | S | Phosphorylation | Kinase | PRKAA2 | P54646 | GPS |
130 | Y | Phosphorylation | Kinase | SRC | P12931 | GPS |
130 | Y | Phosphorylation | Kinase | SRC64 | - | PhosphoELM |
134 | T | Phosphorylation | Kinase | CDK12 | Q9NYV4 | PSP |
141 | S | Phosphorylation | Kinase | PAK2 | Q13177 | PSP |
169 | T | Phosphorylation | Kinase | CDK12 | Q9NYV4 | PSP |
192 | S | Phosphorylation | Kinase | PAK2 | Q13177 | PSP |
197 | S | Phosphorylation | Kinase | PAK2 | Q13177 | PSP |
402 | T | Phosphorylation | Kinase | PAK2 | Q13177 | PSP |
Modified Location | Modified Residue | Modification | Function | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
402 | T | Phosphorylation |
| 9786869 |
* Distance = the distance between SAP position and PTM sites.
Modified Location | Modification | Variant Position (Distance <= 10) |
Residue Change | SAP | Related Disease | Reference |
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Oops, there are no SNP-PTM records of PAK2_HUMAN !! |
Kegg Disease | ||||||
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There are no disease associations of PTM sites. | ||||||
OMIM Disease | ||||||
There are no disease associations of PTM sites. | ||||||
Kegg Drug | ||||||
There are no disease associations of PTM sites. | ||||||
DrugBank | ||||||
There are no disease associations of PTM sites. |
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Acetylation | |
Reference | PubMed |
"Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates majorcellular functions."; Choudhary C., Kumar C., Gnad F., Nielsen M.L., Rehman M., Walther T.,Olsen J.V., Mann M.; Science 325:834-840(2009). Cited for: ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-38 AND LYS-128, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY. | |
Myristoylation | |
Reference | PubMed |
"Posttranslational myristoylation of caspase-activated p21-activatedprotein kinase 2 (PAK2) potentiates late apoptotic events."; Vilas G.L., Corvi M.M., Plummer G.J., Seime A.M., Lambkin G.R.,Berthiaume L.G.; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103:6542-6547(2006). Cited for: FUNCTION (PAK-2P34), MYRISTOYLATION AT GLY-213 (PAK-2P34), ANDSUBCELLULAR LOCATION. | |
Phosphorylation | |
Reference | PubMed |
"Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signalingreveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions."; Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K.,Rodionov V., Han D.K.; Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-55; SER-141; THR-143 ANDSER-197, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY. | |
"Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome ina refined SCX-based approach."; Gauci S., Helbig A.O., Slijper M., Krijgsveld J., Heck A.J.,Mohammed S.; Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-58 AND SER-141, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY. | |
"A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation."; Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E.,Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P.; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-58; SER-141 AND THR-169,AND MASS SPECTROMETRY. | |
"A probability-based approach for high-throughput proteinphosphorylation analysis and site localization."; Beausoleil S.A., Villen J., Gerber S.A., Rush J., Gygi S.P.; Nat. Biotechnol. 24:1285-1292(2006). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-141, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY. | |
"Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics insignaling networks."; Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P.,Mann M.; Cell 127:635-648(2006). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2; SER-141 AND THR-143,AND MASS SPECTROMETRY. | |
"Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets."; Zahedi R.P., Lewandrowski U., Wiesner J., Wortelkamp S., Moebius J.,Schuetz C., Walter U., Gambaryan S., Sickmann A.; J. Proteome Res. 7:526-534(2008). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-60, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY. |