GLNA_HUMAN - PTM Information in dbPTM

Basic Information of Protein

• UniProt ID: GLNA_HUMAN
• UniProt AC: P15104
• Protein Name: Glutamine synthetase
• Gene Name: GLUL
• Organism: Homo sapiens (Human).
• Sequence Length: 373
• Subcellular Localization: Cytoplasm. Mitochondrion.
• Protein Description: This enzyme has 2 functions: it catalyzes the production of glutamine and 4-aminobutanoate (gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA), the latter in a pyridoxal phosphate-independent manner (By similarity). Essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts..
• Protein Sequence: MTTSASSHLNKGIKQVYMSLPQGEKVQAMYIWIDGTGEGLRCKTRTLDSEPKCVEELPEWNFDGSSTLQSEGSNSDMYLVPAAMFRDPFRKDPNKLVLCEVFKYNRRPAETNLRHTCKRIMDMVSNQHPWFGMEQEYTLMGTDGHPFGWPSNGFPGPQGPYYCGVGADRAYGRDIVEAHYRACLYAGVKIAGTNAEVMPAQWEFQIGPCEGISMGDHLWVARFILHRVCEDFGVIATFDPKPIPGNWNGAGCHTNFSTKAMREENGLKYIEEAIEKLSKRHQYHIRAYDPKGGLDNARRLTGFHETSNINDFSAGVANRSASIRIPRTVGQEKKGYFEDRRPSANCDPFSVTEALIRTCLLNETGDEPFQYKN

Overview of Protein Modification Sites with Functional and Structural Information

Experimental Post-Translational Modification Sites

* ASA = Accessible Surface Area

Locations	Modification	Substrate Peptides & Secondary Structure	ASA (%)	Reference
2	Acetylation	------MTTSASSHL ------CCCCHHHHH	29.47	19413330
2	Phosphorylation	------MTTSASSHL ------CCCCHHHHH	29.47	27486199
3	Phosphorylation	-----MTTSASSHLN -----CCCCHHHHHH	22.46	30622161
4	Phosphorylation	----MTTSASSHLNK ----CCCCHHHHHHH	19.58	23090842
6	Phosphorylation	--MTTSASSHLNKGI --CCCCHHHHHHHCC	20.32	25056879
7	Phosphorylation	-MTTSASSHLNKGIK -CCCCHHHHHHHCCC	31.54	25056879
11	Ubiquitination	SASSHLNKGIKQVYM CHHHHHHHCCCEEEC	69.26	21890473
11	Acetylation	SASSHLNKGIKQVYM CHHHHHHHCCCEEEC	69.26	111176609
14	Acetylation	SHLNKGIKQVYMSLP HHHHHCCCEEECCCC	42.24	25953088
14	Ubiquitination	SHLNKGIKQVYMSLP HHHHHCCCEEECCCC	42.24	21906983
17	Phosphorylation	NKGIKQVYMSLPQGE HHCCCEEECCCCCCC	4.40	28796482
19	Phosphorylation	GIKQVYMSLPQGEKV CCCEEECCCCCCCEE	21.14	28796482
25	Ubiquitination	MSLPQGEKVQAMYIW CCCCCCCEEEEEEEE	46.61	21906983
44	Phosphorylation	GEGLRCKTRTLDSEP CCCEEEEEEECCCCC	32.29	28348404
46	Phosphorylation	GLRCKTRTLDSEPKC CEEEEEEECCCCCCH	39.90	21955146
52	Ubiquitination	RTLDSEPKCVEELPE EECCCCCCHHHCCCC	47.03	-
91	Ubiquitination	MFRDPFRKDPNKLVL HHCCCCCCCCCCEEE	77.30	21890473
95	Ubiquitination	PFRKDPNKLVLCEVF CCCCCCCCEEEEEEE	45.41	21906983
103	Ubiquitination	LVLCEVFKYNRRPAE EEEEEEECCCCCCCH	46.95	21906983
103	Acetylation	LVLCEVFKYNRRPAE EEEEEEECCCCCCCH	46.95	25038526
104	Phosphorylation	VLCEVFKYNRRPAET EEEEEECCCCCCCHH	11.48	-
180	Phosphorylation	RDIVEAHYRACLYAG CCHHHHHHHHHHHHC	13.62	22817900
183	S-nitrosylation	VEAHYRACLYAGVKI HHHHHHHHHHHCCEE	1.90	24105792
185	Phosphorylation	AHYRACLYAGVKIAG HHHHHHHHHCCEEEC	10.95	22817900
241	Ubiquitination	VIATFDPKPIPGNWN EEEEECCCCCCCCCC	58.38	-
259	Ubiquitination	CHTNFSTKAMREENG CCCCCCHHHHHHHHH	38.70	21906983
268	Acetylation	MREENGLKYIEEAIE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH	45.65	25038526
268	Ubiquitination	MREENGLKYIEEAIE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH	45.65	21906983
269	Phosphorylation	REENGLKYIEEAIEK HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH	20.71	-
276	Ubiquitination	YIEEAIEKLSKRHQY HHHHHHHHHHHHHCE	52.53	21906983
278	Phosphorylation	EEAIEKLSKRHQYHI HHHHHHHHHHHCEEE	38.42	30622161
291	Ubiquitination	HIRAYDPKGGLDNAR EEEEECCCCCCCCHH	63.81	21906983
301	Phosphorylation	LDNARRLTGFHETSN CCCHHHHCCCCCCCC	35.67	25693802
306	Phosphorylation	RLTGFHETSNINDFS HHCCCCCCCCCCCCC	20.64	25693802
307	Phosphorylation	LTGFHETSNINDFSA HCCCCCCCCCCCCCH	32.50	25693802
320	Phosphorylation	SAGVANRSASIRIPR CHHCCCCCCEEECCC	26.61	16609938
322	Phosphorylation	GVANRSASIRIPRTV HCCCCCCEEECCCCC	17.41	16609938
328	Phosphorylation	ASIRIPRTVGQEKKG CEEECCCCCCCCCCC	24.51	30622161
333	Ubiquitination	PRTVGQEKKGYFEDR CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	43.54	-
334	Ubiquitination	RTVGQEKKGYFEDRR CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	59.08	-
336	Phosphorylation	VGQEKKGYFEDRRPS CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	16.81	29496907
343	Phosphorylation	YFEDRRPSANCDPFS CCCCCCCCCCCCCCH	30.24	16267323
346	Glutathionylation	DRRPSANCDPFSVTE CCCCCCCCCCCHHHH	7.60	22555962
350	Phosphorylation	SANCDPFSVTEALIR CCCCCCCHHHHHHHH	33.25	23186163
352	Phosphorylation	NCDPFSVTEALIRTC CCCCCHHHHHHHHHH	17.84	29978859
359	S-nitrosylation	TEALIRTCLLNETGD HHHHHHHHHCCCCCC	2.67	24105792
371	Phosphorylation	TGDEPFQYKN----- CCCCCCCCCC-----	16.93	-
372	Ubiquitination	GDEPFQYKN------ CCCCCCCCC------	45.45	21906983
372	Acetylation	GDEPFQYKN------ CCCCCCCCC------	45.45	25038526

Upstream regulatory proteins (kinases for phosphorylation sites, E3 ubiquitin ligases of ubiquitination sites, ...)

Modified Location	Modified Residue	Modification	Type of Upstream Proteins	Gene Name of Upstream Proteins	UniProt AC of Upstream Proteins	Sources
-	K	Ubiquitination	E3 ubiquitin ligase	ZNRF1	Q8ND25	PMID:14561866

Functions of PTM Sites

Oops, there are no descriptions of PTM sites of GLNA_HUMAN !!

Disease-associated PTM Sites based on SAP

* Distance = the distance between SAP position and PTM sites.

Oops, there are no SNP-PTM records of GLNA_HUMAN !!

Protein-Protein Interaction

Interacting Protein	Gene Name	Interaction Type	PPI Reference
PKHF2_HUMAN	PLEKHF2	physical	16189514
GLNA_HUMAN	GLUL	physical	16189514
NUD18_HUMAN	NUDT18	physical	16189514
NU5M_HUMAN	ND5	physical	20936779
UBC9_HUMAN	UBE2I	physical	20936779
PIAS1_HUMAN	PIAS1	physical	20936779
PIAS2_HUMAN	PIAS2	physical	20936779
C8AP2_HUMAN	CASP8AP2	physical	20936779
HIPK3_HUMAN	HIPK3	physical	20936779
PIAS3_HUMAN	PIAS3	physical	20936779
HIPK1_HUMAN	HIPK1	physical	20936779
GLNA_HUMAN	GLUL	physical	19447967
RABEK_HUMAN	RABEPK	physical	21988832
GLNA_HUMAN	GLUL	physical	21988832
NFKB1_HUMAN	NFKB1	physical	21988832
NIBL1_HUMAN	FAM129B	physical	22863883
GLNA_HUMAN	GLUL	physical	25416956
NDK7_HUMAN	NME7	physical	26186194
DMXL2_HUMAN	DMXL2	physical	26186194
TCHP_HUMAN	TCHP	physical	26186194
UBAP2_HUMAN	UBAP2	physical	26186194
ASPC1_HUMAN	ASPSCR1	physical	26186194
ZNRF1_HUMAN	ZNRF1	physical	20107048
TCHP_HUMAN	TCHP	physical	28514442
NDK7_HUMAN	NME7	physical	28514442
ASPC1_HUMAN	ASPSCR1	physical	28514442
DMXL2_HUMAN	DMXL2	physical	28514442

Drug and Disease Associations

• Kegg Disease
• There are no disease associations of PTM sites.
• OMIM Disease
• 610015: Congenital systemic glutamine deficiency (CSGD)
• Kegg Drug
• There are no disease associations of PTM sites.
• DrugBank
• DB01212: Ceftriaxone
• DB01119: Diazoxide
• DB00130: L-Glutamine
• DB00134: L-Methionine
• DB00082: Pegvisomant