M2K4_ARATH - PTM Information in dbPTM

Basic Information of Protein

• UniProt ID: M2K4_ARATH
• UniProt AC: O80397
• Protein Name: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4
• Gene Name: MKK4
• Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress).
• Sequence Length: 366
• Subcellular Localization: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Plastid, chloroplast stroma.
• Protein Description: Involved in the second phase of hydrogen peroxide generation during hypersensitive response-like cell death. Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. Activates by phosphorylation the downstream MPK3 and MPK6. YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module regulates stomatal cell fate before the guard mother cell (GMC) is specified. This MAPK cascade also functions downstream of the ER receptor in regulating coordinated local cell proliferation, which shapes the morphology of plant organs. MKK4 and MKK5 participate in the regulation of floral organ abscission. Mediates osmotic-stress response via its regulation of MPK3 activity. Target of the Pseudomonas syringae type III effector HopF2..
• Protein Sequence: MRPIQSPPGVSVPVKSRPRRRPDLTLPLPQRDVSLAVPLPLPPTSGGSGGSSGSAPSSGGSASSTNTNSSIEAKNYSDLVRGNRIGSGAGGTVYKVIHRPSSRLYALKVIYGNHEETVRRQICREIEILRDVNHPNVVKCHEMFDQNGEIQVLLEFMDKGSLEGAHVWKEQQLADLSRQILSGLAYLHSRHIVHRDIKPSNLLINSAKNVKIADFGVSRILAQTMDPCNSSVGTIAYMSPERINTDLNQGKYDGYAGDIWSLGVSILEFYLGRFPFPVSRQGDWASLMCAICMSQPPEAPATASPEFRHFISCCLQREPGKRRSAMQLLQHPFILRASPSQNRSPQNLHQLLPPPRPLSSSSSPTT

Overview of Protein Modification Sites with Functional and Structural Information

Experimental Post-Translational Modification Sites

* ASA = Accessible Surface Area

Locations	Modification	Substrate Peptides & Secondary Structure	ASA (%)	Reference
6	Phosphorylation	--MRPIQSPPGVSVP --CCCCCCCCCCCCC	33.51	23341468
224	Phosphorylation	VSRILAQTMDPCNSS HHHHHHHHCCCCCCC	20.24	11875555
230	Phosphorylation	QTMDPCNSSVGTIAY HHCCCCCCCCCCCEE	32.87	23341468
234	Phosphorylation	PCNSSVGTIAYMSPE CCCCCCCCCEECCHH	10.57	27679653

Upstream regulatory proteins (kinases for phosphorylation sites, E3 ubiquitin ligases of ubiquitination sites, ...)

Modified Location	Modified Residue	Modification	Type of Upstream Proteins	Gene Name of Upstream Proteins	UniProt AC of Upstream Proteins	Sources
6	S	Phosphorylation	Kinase	ASK7	Q39011	Uniprot
230	S	Phosphorylation	Kinase	ASK7	Q39011	Uniprot
234	T	Phosphorylation	Kinase	ASK7	Q39011	Uniprot

Functions of PTM Sites

Modified Location	Modified Residue	Modification	Function	Reference
224	T	Phosphorylation	Phosphorylation at Thr-224 and Ser-230 by MAP kinase kinase kinases positively regulates kinase activity.	11687590
230	S	Phosphorylation	Phosphorylation at Ser-230 and Thr-234 by GSK3/Shaggy-like kinase ASKs negatively regulates kinase activity.	11687590
230	S	Phosphorylation	Phosphorylation at Thr-224 and Ser-230 by MAP kinase kinase kinases positively regulates kinase activity.	11687590
234	T	Phosphorylation	Phosphorylation at Ser-230 and Thr-234 by GSK3/Shaggy-like kinase ASKs negatively regulates kinase activity.	23341468

Disease-associated PTM Sites based on SAP

* Distance = the distance between SAP position and PTM sites.

Oops, there are no SNP-PTM records of M2K4_ARATH !!

Protein-Protein Interaction

Interacting Protein	Gene Name	Interaction Type	PPI Reference
CLAH2_ARATH	AT3G08530	physical	21798944
MPK6_ARATH	MPK6	physical	21798944
MPK3_ARATH	MPK3	physical	21798944
PME31_ARATH	PME31	physical	21798944
CSN5B_ARATH	CSN5B	physical	21798944
FPA_ARATH	FPA	physical	21798944
MYB44_ARATH	MYBR1	physical	23437396

Drug and Disease Associations

• Kegg Drug
• DrugBank
• There are no disease associations of PTM sites.

Related Literatures of Post-Translational Modification

Phosphorylation

"MAP kinase signalling cascade in Arabidopsis innate immunity.";
Asai T., Tena G., Plotnikova J., Willmann M.R., Chiu W.-L.,Gomez-Gomez L., Boller T., Ausubel F.M., Sheen J.;
Nature 415:977-983(2002).
Cited for: FUNCTION, ENZYME REGULATION, PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-224 AND SER-230,AND MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-108; THR-224 AND SER-230.
PubMed: 11875555