UniProt ID | PIEZ1_HUMAN | |
---|---|---|
UniProt AC | Q92508 | |
Protein Name | Piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 | |
Gene Name | PIEZO1 | |
Organism | Homo sapiens (Human). | |
Sequence Length | 2521 | |
Subcellular Localization |
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Multi-pass membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane . Cell membrane Multi-pass membrane protein . Cell projection, lamellipodium membrane . In erythrocytes, located in the plas |
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Protein Description | Pore-forming subunit of a mechanosensitive non-specific cation channel. [PubMed: 23479567] | |
Protein Sequence | MEPHVLGAVLYWLLLPCALLAACLLRFSGLSLVYLLFLLLLPWFPGPTRCGLQGHTGRLLRALLGLSLLFLVAHLALQICLHIVPRLDQLLGPSCSRWETLSRHIGVTRLDLKDIPNAIRLVAPDLGILVVSSVCLGICGRLARNTRQSPHPRELDDDERDVDASPTAGLQEAATLAPTRRSRLAARFRVTAHWLLVAAGRVLAVTLLALAGIAHPSALSSVYLLLFLALCTWWACHFPISTRGFSRLCVAVGCFGAGHLICLYCYQMPLAQALLPPAGIWARVLGLKDFVGPTNCSSPHALVLNTGLDWPVYASPGVLLLLCYATASLRKLRAYRPSGQRKEAAKGYEARELELAELDQWPQERESDQHVVPTAPDTEADNCIVHELTGQSSVLRRPVRPKRAEPREASPLHSLGHLIMDQSYVCALIAMMVWSITYHSWLTFVLLLWACLIWTVRSRHQLAMLCSPCILLYGMTLCCLRYVWAMDLRPELPTTLGPVSLRQLGLEHTRYPCLDLGAMLLYTLTFWLLLRQFVKEKLLKWAESPAALTEVTVADTEPTRTQTLLQSLGELVKGVYAKYWIYVCAGMFIVVSFAGRLVVYKIVYMFLFLLCLTLFQVYYSLWRKLLKAFWWLVVAYTMLVLIAVYTFQFQDFPAYWRNLTGFTDEQLGDLGLEQFSVSELFSSILVPGFFLLACILQLHYFHRPFMQLTDMEHVSLPGTRLPRWAHRQDAVSGTPLLREEQQEHQQQQQEEEEEEEDSRDEGLGVATPHQATQVPEGAAKWGLVAERLLELAAGFSDVLSRVQVFLRRLLELHVFKLVALYTVWVALKEVSVMNLLLVVLWAFALPYPRFRPMASCLSTVWTCVIIVCKMLYQLKVVNPQEYSSNCTEPFPNSTNLLPTEISQSLLYRGPVDPANWFGVRKGFPNLGYIQNHLQVLLLLVFEAIVYRRQEHYRRQHQLAPLPAQAVFASGTRQQLDQDLLGCLKYFINFFFYKFGLEICFLMAVNVIGQRMNFLVTLHGCWLVAILTRRHRQAIARLWPNYCLFLALFLLYQYLLCLGMPPALCIDYPWRWSRAVPMNSALIKWLYLPDFFRAPNSTNLISDFLLLLCASQQWQVFSAERTEEWQRMAGVNTDRLEPLRGEPNPVPNFIHCRSYLDMLKVAVFRYLFWLVLVVVFVTGATRISIFGLGYLLACFYLLLFGTALLQRDTRARLVLWDCLILYNVTVIISKNMLSLLACVFVEQMQTGFCWVIQLFSLVCTVKGYYDPKEMMDRDQDCLLPVEEAGIIWDSVCFFFLLLQRRVFLSHYYLHVRADLQATALLASRGFALYNAANLKSIDFHRRIEEKSLAQLKRQMERIRAKQEKHRQGRVDRSRPQDTLGPKDPGLEPGPDSPGGSSPPRRQWWRPWLDHATVIHSGDYFLFESDSEEEEEAVPEDPRPSAQSAFQLAYQAWVTNAQAVLRRRQQEQEQARQEQAGQLPTGGGPSQEVEPAEGPEEAAAGRSHVVQRVLSTAQFLWMLGQALVDELTRWLQEFTRHHGTMSDVLRAERYLLTQELLQGGEVHRGVLDQLYTSQAEATLPGPTEAPNAPSTVSSGLGAEEPLSSMTDDMGSPLSTGYHTRSGSEEAVTDPGEREAGASLYQGLMRTASELLLDRRLRIPELEEAELFAEGQGRALRLLRAVYQCVAAHSELLCYFIIILNHMVTASAGSLVLPVLVFLWAMLSIPRPSKRFWMTAIVFTEIAVVVKYLFQFGFFPWNSHVVLRRYENKPYFPPRILGLEKTDGYIKYDLVQLMALFFHRSQLLCYGLWDHEEDSPSKEHDKSGEEEQGAEEGPGVPAATTEDHIQVEARVGPTDGTPEPQVELRPRDTRRISLRFRRRKKEGPARKGAAAIEAEDREEEEGEEEKEAPTGREKRPSRSGGRVRAAGRRLQGFCLSLAQGTYRPLRRFFHDILHTKYRAATDVYALMFLADVVDFIIIIFGFWAFGKHSAATDITSSLSDDQVPEAFLVMLLIQFSTMVVDRALYLRKTVLGKLAFQVALVLAIHLWMFFILPAVTERMFNQNVVAQLWYFVKCIYFALSAYQIRCGYPTRILGNFLTKKYNHLNLFLFQGFRLVPFLVELRAVMDWVWTDTTLSLSSWMCVEDIYANIFIIKCSRETEKKYPQPKGQKKKKIVKYGMGGLIILFLIAIIWFPLLFMSLVRSVVGVVNQPIDVTVTLKLGGYEPLFTMSAQQPSIIPFTAQAYEELSRQFDPQPLAMQFISQYSPEDIVTAQIEGSSGALWRISPPSRAQMKRELYNGTADITLRFTWNFQRDLAKGGTVEYANEKHMLALAPNSTARRQLASLLEGTSDQSVVIPNLFPKYIRAPNGPEANPVKQLQPNEEADYLGVRIQLRREQGAGATGFLEWWVIELQECRTDCNLLPMVIFSDKVSPPSLGFLAGYGIMGLYVSIVLVIGKFVRGFFSEISHSIMFEELPCVDRILKLCQDIFLVRETRELELEEELYAKLIFLYRSPETMIKWTREKE | |
Overview of Protein Modification Sites with Functional and Structural Information | ||
* ASA = Accessible Surface Area
Locations | Modification | Substrate Peptides & Secondary Structure |
ASA (%) | Reference | Orthologous Protein Cluster |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Phosphorylation | HVLGAVLYWLLLPCA HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 6.34 | 24043423 | |
100 | Phosphorylation | PSCSRWETLSRHIGV CCCHHHHHHHHHCCC | 24.07 | 29083192 | |
102 | Phosphorylation | CSRWETLSRHIGVTR CHHHHHHHHHCCCCC | 29.27 | 29083192 | |
108 | Phosphorylation | LSRHIGVTRLDLKDI HHHHCCCCCCCCCHH | 21.94 | 29083192 | |
113 | Ubiquitination | GVTRLDLKDIPNAIR CCCCCCCCHHCCHHH | 53.96 | 23000965 | |
146 | Phosphorylation | CGRLARNTRQSPHPR HHHHHHCCCCCCCCC | 25.24 | 26699800 | |
149 | Phosphorylation | LARNTRQSPHPRELD HHHCCCCCCCCCCCC | 23.14 | 26699800 | |
165 | Phosphorylation | DERDVDASPTAGLQE CCCCCCCCCCCCHHH | 20.51 | 30266825 | |
167 | Phosphorylation | RDVDASPTAGLQEAA CCCCCCCCCCHHHHH | 30.75 | 30266825 | |
175 | Phosphorylation | AGLQEAATLAPTRRS CCHHHHHHHCCCHHH | 30.42 | 29255136 | |
179 | Phosphorylation | EAATLAPTRRSRLAA HHHHHCCCHHHHHHH | 32.86 | 29255136 | |
295 | N-linked_Glycosylation | KDFVGPTNCSSPHAL CCCCCCCCCCCCCEE | 27.14 | UniProtKB CARBOHYD | |
346 | Ubiquitination | GQRKEAAKGYEAREL CCCHHHHCCCCHHHH | 69.90 | 29967540 | |
367 | Phosphorylation | QWPQERESDQHVVPT CCCCHHCCCCCCCCC | 49.11 | 25002506 | |
374 | Phosphorylation | SDQHVVPTAPDTEAD CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 38.93 | 25002506 | |
378 | Phosphorylation | VVPTAPDTEADNCIV CCCCCCCCCCCCEEE | 31.82 | 25002506 | |
389 | Phosphorylation | NCIVHELTGQSSVLR CEEEEHHHCCCCCCC | 30.14 | 30266825 | |
392 | Phosphorylation | VHELTGQSSVLRRPV EEHHHCCCCCCCCCC | 24.61 | 26657352 | |
393 | Phosphorylation | HELTGQSSVLRRPVR EHHHCCCCCCCCCCC | 19.79 | 30266825 | |
535 | Ubiquitination | LLLRQFVKEKLLKWA HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 50.88 | 22817900 | |
537 | Ubiquitination | LRQFVKEKLLKWAES HHHHHHHHHHHHHCC | 54.09 | 22817900 | |
540 | Ubiquitination | FVKEKLLKWAESPAA HHHHHHHHHHCCCCC | 55.59 | 21963094 | |
544 | Phosphorylation | KLLKWAESPAALTEV HHHHHHCCCCCCCEE | 16.46 | 26471730 | |
561 | Phosphorylation | ADTEPTRTQTLLQSL CCCCCCHHHHHHHHH | 28.52 | 24043423 | |
563 | Phosphorylation | TEPTRTQTLLQSLGE CCCCHHHHHHHHHHH | 28.90 | 24043423 | |
567 | Phosphorylation | RTQTLLQSLGELVKG HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 38.01 | 24043423 | |
620 | Phosphorylation | TLFQVYYSLWRKLLK HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 12.08 | 24719451 | |
732 | Phosphorylation | AHRQDAVSGTPLLRE HHCCCCCCCCCHHHH | 38.37 | 30266825 | |
734 | Phosphorylation | RQDAVSGTPLLREEQ CCCCCCCCCHHHHHH | 11.85 | 23401153 | |
758 | Phosphorylation | EEEEEEDSRDEGLGV HHHHHHHHHHCCCCC | 44.93 | 26471730 | |
767 | Phosphorylation | DEGLGVATPHQATQV HCCCCCCCHHCCCCC | 20.92 | 23186163 | |
772 | Phosphorylation | VATPHQATQVPEGAA CCCHHCCCCCCCHHH | 24.43 | 23186163 | |
796 | Phosphorylation | LELAAGFSDVLSRVQ HHHHHCCHHHHHHHH | 26.37 | 23403867 | |
800 | Phosphorylation | AGFSDVLSRVQVFLR HCCHHHHHHHHHHHH | 30.19 | 23403867 | |
821 | Phosphorylation | VFKLVALYTVWVALK HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 6.90 | - | |
822 | Phosphorylation | FKLVALYTVWVALKE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 14.56 | - | |
899 | O-linked_Glycosylation | NSTNLLPTEISQSLL CCCCCCCCCHHHHHH | 46.01 | OGP | |
960 | Phosphorylation | RRQHQLAPLPAQAVF HHHHCCCCCCHHHHH | 47.68 | 18669648 | |
965 | Phosphorylation | LAPLPAQAVFASGTR CCCCCHHHHHCCCCH | 10.66 | 18669648 | |
1016 | Phosphorylation | QRMNFLVTLHGCWLV HHHCHHHHHHHHHHH | 18.38 | 24719451 | |
1027 | Phosphorylation | CWLVAILTRRHRQAI HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 21.39 | 24719451 | |
1165 | Phosphorylation | LKVAVFRYLFWLVLV HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 8.52 | - | |
1190 | Phosphorylation | SIFGLGYLLACFYLL HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 2.01 | 18669648 | |
1195 | Phosphorylation | GYLLACFYLLLFGTA HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 9.05 | - | |
1213 | Phosphorylation | RDTRARLVLWDCLIL CCHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 4.18 | 17081983 | |
1215 | Phosphorylation | TRARLVLWDCLILYN HHHHHHHHHHHHHHC | 6.18 | 18669648 | |
1224 | Phosphorylation | CLILYNVTVIISKNM HHHHHCCCEEECCCH | 11.44 | 27174698 | |
1228 | Phosphorylation | YNVTVIISKNMLSLL HCCCEEECCCHHHHH | 13.57 | 27174698 | |
1267 | Acetylation | VKGYYDPKEMMDRDQ HCCCCCHHHHCCCCC | 56.17 | 19608861 | |
1334 | Ubiquitination | LYNAANLKSIDFHRR HHHHHCCCCCCHHHH | 45.21 | 21963094 | |
1345 | Ubiquitination | FHRRIEEKSLAQLKR HHHHHCHHHHHHHHH | 37.67 | 21963094 | |
1351 | Ubiquitination | EKSLAQLKRQMERIR HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 28.62 | 23503661 | |
1360 | Ubiquitination | QMERIRAKQEKHRQG HHHHHHHHHHHHHCC | 49.49 | - | |
1372 | Phosphorylation | RQGRVDRSRPQDTLG HCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 43.80 | 23403867 | |
1377 | Phosphorylation | DRSRPQDTLGPKDPG CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 28.50 | 23403867 | |
1381 | Ubiquitination | PQDTLGPKDPGLEPG CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 74.81 | - | |
1391 | Phosphorylation | GLEPGPDSPGGSSPP CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 28.69 | 29255136 | |
1395 | Phosphorylation | GPDSPGGSSPPRRQW CCCCCCCCCCCCHHC | 45.66 | 29255136 | |
1396 | Phosphorylation | PDSPGGSSPPRRQWW CCCCCCCCCCCHHCC | 42.05 | 29255136 | |
1423 | Phosphorylation | GDYFLFESDSEEEEE CCEEEEECCCHHHHH | 38.82 | 18669648 | |
1439 | Phosphorylation | VPEDPRPSAQSAFQL CCCCCCCCHHHHHHH | 39.97 | 24043423 | |
1442 | Phosphorylation | DPRPSAQSAFQLAYQ CCCCCHHHHHHHHHH | 30.66 | 24043423 | |
1448 | Phosphorylation | QSAFQLAYQAWVTNA HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 13.83 | 24043423 | |
1453 | Phosphorylation | LAYQAWVTNAQAVLR HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 17.71 | 24043423 | |
1479 | Phosphorylation | EQAGQLPTGGGPSQE HHCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 57.98 | - | |
1509 | Phosphorylation | HVVQRVLSTAQFLWM HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 20.88 | - | |
1510 | Phosphorylation | VVQRVLSTAQFLWML HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 21.95 | - | |
1619 | Phosphorylation | STGYHTRSGSEEAVT CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 48.07 | 29255136 | |
1621 | Phosphorylation | GYHTRSGSEEAVTDP CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 33.25 | 29255136 | |
1626 | Phosphorylation | SGSEEAVTDPGEREA CCCCCCCCCCCCCHH | 43.45 | 21945579 | |
1636 | Phosphorylation | GEREAGASLYQGLMR CCCHHHHHHHHHHHH | 27.05 | 21945579 | |
1638 | Phosphorylation | REAGASLYQGLMRTA CHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 9.68 | 21945579 | |
1644 | Phosphorylation | LYQGLMRTASELLLD HHHHHHHHHHHHHHC | 22.14 | 23927012 | |
1646 | Phosphorylation | QGLMRTASELLLDRR HHHHHHHHHHHHCCC | 28.32 | 19664994 | |
1721 | Phosphorylation | VFLWAMLSIPRPSKR HHHHHHHCCCCCCCC | 19.91 | 24719451 | |
1766 | Ubiquitination | VLRRYENKPYFPPRI EEEEECCCCCCCCCC | 29.20 | 22817900 | |
1820 | Phosphorylation | PSKEHDKSGEEEQGA CCCCCCCCCCHHCCC | 58.45 | 25849741 | |
1837 | Phosphorylation | GPGVPAATTEDHIQV CCCCCCCCCCCCEEE | 32.59 | 21955146 | |
1838 | Phosphorylation | PGVPAATTEDHIQVE CCCCCCCCCCCEEEE | 34.39 | 21955146 | |
1851 | Phosphorylation | VEARVGPTDGTPEPQ EEEECCCCCCCCCCC | 40.92 | 29255136 | |
1854 | Phosphorylation | RVGPTDGTPEPQVEL ECCCCCCCCCCCEEC | 27.56 | 23401153 | |
1878 | Ubiquitination | LRFRRRKKEGPARKG HHHHHCCCCCCCCCC | 67.12 | 23503661 | |
1884 | Ubiquitination | KKEGPARKGAAAIEA CCCCCCCCCCCEEEC | 55.82 | 21963094 | |
1903 | Ubiquitination | EEEGEEEKEAPTGRE HHCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 63.56 | 21963094 | |
1952 | Phosphorylation | FFHDILHTKYRAATD HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 26.73 | 26074081 | |
1953 | Ubiquitination | FHDILHTKYRAATDV HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 23.22 | 21890473 | |
1954 | Phosphorylation | HDILHTKYRAATDVY HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 13.46 | 26074081 | |
2096 | Ubiquitination | ILGNFLTKKYNHLNL HHHHHHHHHCCCCCC | 56.24 | 21890473 | |
2294 | N-linked_Glycosylation | QMKRELYNGTADITL HHHHHHHHCCCCEEE | 54.70 | 19349973 | |
2296 | Phosphorylation | KRELYNGTADITLRF HHHHHHCCCCEEEEE | 19.95 | 20068231 | |
2313 | Ubiquitination | NFQRDLAKGGTVEYA ECCCHHHCCCEEEEC | 66.23 | 21890473 | |
2316 | Phosphorylation | RDLAKGGTVEYANEK CHHHCCCEEEECCCC | 20.87 | 22210691 | |
2319 | Phosphorylation | AKGGTVEYANEKHML HCCCEEEECCCCCEE | 15.47 | 22210691 | |
2340 | Phosphorylation | TARRQLASLLEGTSD HHHHHHHHHHCCCCC | 41.92 | 26074081 | |
2345 | Phosphorylation | LASLLEGTSDQSVVI HHHHHCCCCCCEEEC | 21.54 | 26074081 | |
2346 | Phosphorylation | ASLLEGTSDQSVVIP HHHHCCCCCCEEECC | 44.50 | 26074081 | |
2349 | Phosphorylation | LEGTSDQSVVIPNLF HCCCCCCEEECCCCC | 24.28 | 26074081 | |
2359 | Phosphorylation | IPNLFPKYIRAPNGP CCCCCHHHCCCCCCC | 8.90 | 26074081 | |
2372 | Ubiquitination | GPEANPVKQLQPNEE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 46.69 | 21906983 | |
2479 | Ubiquitination | PCVDRILKLCQDIFL CHHHHHHHHHHHHHH | 44.86 | 21963094 | |
2507 | Phosphorylation | YAKLIFLYRSPETMI HHHHHHHHCCHHHHH | 9.78 | 25954137 | |
2509 | Phosphorylation | KLIFLYRSPETMIKW HHHHHHCCHHHHHHH | 17.33 | 25954137 | |
2512 | Phosphorylation | FLYRSPETMIKWTRE HHHCCHHHHHHHHHC | 27.81 | 25954137 |
Modified Location | Modified Residue | Modification | Type of Upstream Proteins | Gene Name of Upstream Proteins | UniProt AC of Upstream Proteins | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oops, there are no upstream regulatory protein records of PIEZ1_HUMAN !! |
Modified Location | Modified Residue | Modification | Function | Reference | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oops, there are no descriptions of PTM sites of PIEZ1_HUMAN !! |
* Distance = the distance between SAP position and PTM sites.
Modified Location | Modification | Variant Position (Distance <= 10) |
Residue Change | SAP | Related Disease | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oops, there are no SNP-PTM records of PIEZ1_HUMAN !! |
Interacting Protein | Gene Name | Interaction Type | PPI Reference | Domain-Domain Interactions |
---|---|---|---|---|
Oops, there are no PPI records of PIEZ1_HUMAN !! |
Kegg Disease | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
There are no disease associations of PTM sites. | ||||||
OMIM Disease | ||||||
194380 | Dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis with or without pseudohyperkalemia and/or perinatal edema (DHS) | |||||
Kegg Drug | ||||||
There are no disease associations of PTM sites. | ||||||
DrugBank | ||||||
There are no disease associations of PTM sites. |
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Acetylation | |
Reference | PubMed |
"Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates majorcellular functions."; Choudhary C., Kumar C., Gnad F., Nielsen M.L., Rehman M., Walther T.,Olsen J.V., Mann M.; Science 325:834-840(2009). Cited for: ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-1267, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY. | |
N-linked Glycosylation | |
Reference | PubMed |
"Mass-spectrometric identification and relative quantification of N-linked cell surface glycoproteins."; Wollscheid B., Bausch-Fluck D., Henderson C., O'Brien R., Bibel M.,Schiess R., Aebersold R., Watts J.D.; Nat. Biotechnol. 27:378-386(2009). Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ASN-2294, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY. | |
Phosphorylation | |
Reference | PubMed |
"Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signalingreveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions."; Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K.,Rodionov V., Han D.K.; Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-1646, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY. | |
"A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation."; Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E.,Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P.; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-1391; SER-1396; SER-1646AND THR-1854, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY. | |
"Evaluation of the low-specificity protease elastase for large-scalephosphoproteome analysis."; Wang B., Malik R., Nigg E.A., Korner R.; Anal. Chem. 80:9526-9533(2008). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-1646, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY. | |
"Phosphoproteome analysis of the human mitotic spindle."; Nousiainen M., Sillje H.H.W., Sauer G., Nigg E.A., Koerner R.; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103:5391-5396(2006). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-1646, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY. | |
"Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics insignaling networks."; Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P.,Mann M.; Cell 127:635-648(2006). Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-1646, AND MASSSPECTROMETRY. |