CYC_BOVIN - PTM Information in dbPTM

Basic Information of Protein

• UniProt ID: CYC_BOVIN
• UniProt AC: P62894
• Protein Name: Cytochrome c
• Gene Name: CYCS
• Organism: Bos taurus (Bovine).
• Sequence Length: 105
• Subcellular Localization: Mitochondrion intermembrane space. Loosely associated with the inner membrane.
• Protein Description: Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.; Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases (By similarity)..
• Protein Sequence: MGDVEKGKKIFVQKCAQCHTVEKGGKHKTGPNLHGLFGRKTGQAPGFSYTDANKNKGITWGEETLMEYLENPKKYIPGTKMIFAGIKKKGEREDLIAYLKKATNE

Overview of Protein Modification Sites with Functional and Structural Information

Experimental Post-Translational Modification Sites

* ASA = Accessible Surface Area

Locations	Modification	Substrate Peptides & Secondary Structure	ASA (%)	Reference
2	Acetylation	------MGDVEKGKK ------CCCHHHCCE	47.90	5933874
6	Acetylation	--MGDVEKGKKIFVQ --CCCHHHCCEEEEE	75.72	3937105
8	Acetylation	MGDVEKGKKIFVQKC CCCHHHCCEEEEEEC	54.48	3937113
9	Acetylation	GDVEKGKKIFVQKCA CCHHHCCEEEEEECC	50.47	127017
14	Acetylation	GKKIFVQKCAQCHTV CCEEEEEECCCCCEE	26.66	3937117
23	Acetylation	AQCHTVEKGGKHKTG CCCCEECCCCCCCCC	69.49	3937103
26	Acetylation	HTVEKGGKHKTGPNL CEECCCCCCCCCCCC	51.07	3937119
28	Acetylation	VEKGGKHKTGPNLHG ECCCCCCCCCCCCCH	59.67	2374837
40	Acetylation	LHGLFGRKTGQAPGF CCHHCCCCCCCCCCC	58.34	3937109
48	Phosphorylation	TGQAPGFSYTDANKN CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	32.79	29541418
49	Phosphorylation	GQAPGFSYTDANKNK CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	13.33	16866357
54	Acetylation	FSYTDANKNKGITWG CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	62.85	3937115
56	Succinylation	YTDANKNKGITWGEE CCCCCCCCCCCCCHH	53.98	-
56	Succinylation	YTDANKNKGITWGEE CCCCCCCCCCCCCHH	53.98	-
56	Acetylation	YTDANKNKGITWGEE CCCCCCCCCCCCCHH	53.98	3937121
73	Acetylation	MEYLENPKKYIPGTK HHHHHCHHHCCCCCC	70.55	165127
73	Succinylation	MEYLENPKKYIPGTK HHHHHCHHHCCCCCC	70.55	-
73	Succinylation	MEYLENPKKYIPGTK HHHHHCHHHCCCCCC	70.55	-
74	Acetylation	EYLENPKKYIPGTKM HHHHCHHHCCCCCCE	50.06	2374841
80	Acetylation	KKYIPGTKMIFAGIK HHCCCCCCEEEEEEC	35.59	3937107
87	Acetylation	KMIFAGIKKKGERED CEEEEEECCCCCHHH	47.73	2374845
88	Acetylation	MIFAGIKKKGEREDL EEEEEECCCCCHHHH	65.18	3937111
89	Acetylation	IFAGIKKKGEREDLI EEEEECCCCCHHHHH	62.09	3937123
98	Phosphorylation	EREDLIAYLKKATNE CHHHHHHHHHHHHCC	16.44	18471988
100	Acetylation	EDLIAYLKKATNE-- HHHHHHHHHHHCC--	27.90	2381201
101	Acetylation	DLIAYLKKATNE--- HHHHHHHHHHCC---	58.82	3937097

Upstream regulatory proteins (kinases for phosphorylation sites, E3 ubiquitin ligases of ubiquitination sites, ...)

Modified Location	Modified Residue	Modification	Type of Upstream Proteins	Gene Name of Upstream Proteins	UniProt AC of Upstream Proteins	Sources
29	T	Phosphorylation	Kinase	PRKAA1	Q13131	GPS

Functions of PTM Sites

Oops, there are no descriptions of PTM sites of CYC_BOVIN !!

Disease-associated PTM Sites based on SAP

* Distance = the distance between SAP position and PTM sites.

Oops, there are no SNP-PTM records of CYC_BOVIN !!

Protein-Protein Interaction

Oops, there are no PPI records of CYC_BOVIN !!

Drug and Disease Associations

• Kegg Drug
• DrugBank
• There are no disease associations of PTM sites.

Related Literatures of Post-Translational Modification

Acetylation

"The amino acid sequence of bovine heart cytochrome c.";
Nakashima T., Higa H., Matsubara H., Benson A.M., Yasunobu K.T.;
J. Biol. Chem. 241:1166-1177(1966).
Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-105, AND ACETYLATION AT GLY-2.
PubMed: 5933874

Phosphorylation

"Mammalian liver cytochrome c is tyrosine-48 phosphorylated in vivo,inhibiting mitochondrial respiration.";
Yu H., Lee I., Salomon A.R., Yu K., Huttemann M.;
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1777:1066-1071(2008).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT TYR-98.
PubMed: 18471988

"New prospects for an old enzyme: mammalian cytochrome c is tyrosine-phosphorylated in vivo.";
Lee I., Salomon A.R., Yu K., Doan J.W., Grossman L.I., Huttemann M.;
Biochemistry 45:9121-9128(2006).
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT TYR-49.
PubMed: 16866357