UniprotKB/SwissProt ID: Q6ZWX6 (Q6ZWX6)
Gene Name:
Eif2s1
Organism: Mus musculus (Mouse)
Function: Member of the eIF2 complex that functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA (PubMed:15277680, PubMed:19131336). This complex binds to a 40S ribosomal subunit, followed by mRNA binding to form a 43S pre-initiation complex (PubMed:15277680, PubMed:19131336). Junction of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex is preceded by hydrolysis of the GTP bound to eIF2 and release of an eIF2-GDP binary complex (PubMed:15277680, PubMed:19131336). In order for eIF2 to recycle and catalyze another round of initiation, the GDP bound to eIF2 must exchange with GTP by way of a reaction catalyzed by eIF2B (PubMed:15277680, PubMed:19131336). EIF2S1/eIF2-alpha is a key component of the integrated stress response (ISR), required for adaptation to various stress: phosphorylation by metabolic-stress sensing protein kinases (EIF2AK1/HRI, EIF2AK2/PKR, EIF2AK3/PERK and EIF2AK4/GCN2) in response to stress converts EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha in a global protein synthesis inhibitor, leading to a attenuation of cap-dependent translation, while concomitantly initiating the preferential translation of ISR-specific mRNAs, such as the transcriptional activators ATF4 and QRICH1, and hence allowing ATF4- and QRICH1-mediated reprogramming (PubMed:15277680, PubMed:21285359). EIF2S1/eIF2-alpha also acts as an activator of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial damage: phosphorylation by EIF2AK1/HRI promotes relocalization to the mitochondrial surface, thereby triggering PRKN-independent mitophagy (By similarity)
Other Modifications: View all modification sites in dbPTM
Protein Subcellular Localization: Cytoplasm, Stress granule. Cytoplasm, cytosol. Mitochondrion
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